Himalayan Blackberry (Rubus discolor) Leaves and Stems: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities

Document Type : Original paper

Authors

1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

2 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

3 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

Abstract

Background and objectives: The fruits and leaves of Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees (Rosaceae) have been used for treatment of diabetes, diarrhea, prostatitis, and wounds and thus were evaluated in this study. Methods: The leaves and stems methanol extracts were prepared by maceration and different fractions were obtained. Total phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids contents were measured. The phenolic profiles were determined by HPLC/DAD analysis. The antioxidant activity was tested. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated against epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and normal (HU02) cells by MTT assay. The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined against three pathogens. Results: The leaves ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 25.74±0.07 μg/mL) and the highest content of total phenolics (149.72±1.23 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant activity and phenolic content of leaves methanol extract were close to ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 26.26±0.13 μg/mL and 140.63±1.32 23 mg GAE/g, respectively). The leaves methanol fraction and methanol extract showed the highest flavonoids (58.87±0.71 mg QE/g) and tannins content (314.4±0.11 mg TAE/g), respectively. The leaves and stems methanol extract and methanol fraction exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 37.5 mg/mL). The most potent cytotoxic effect was for leaves ethyl acetate fraction (369.6±56.1 μg/mL). HPLC analysis proved the presence of gallic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, luteolin and rutin in leaves ethyl acetate fraction, and gallic acid and ferulic acid in leaves methanol fraction. Conclusion: The leaves ethyl acetate and methanol fraction showed potential to be investigated in further studies.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • Orhan IE. Pharmacognosy: science of natural products in drug discovery. BioImpacts. 2014; 4(3): 109–110.
  • Grochowski DM, Paduch R, Wiater A, Dudek A, Pleszczyńska M, Tomczykowa M, Granica S, Polak P, Tomczyk P, Tomczyk M. In vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant effects of extracts from Rubus caesius leaves and their quality evaluation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016; Article ID 5698685.
  • Yousefbeyk F, Ghasemi S, Evazalipour M, Dabirian S, Schubert C, Hekmatnia S, Habibi Y, Eghbali Koohi D, Böhm V. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of leaves and roots of Rubus hyrcanus Eur Food Res Technol. 2022; 248(1): 141–152.
  • Yousefbeyk F, Dabirian S, Ghanbarzadeh S, Eghbali Koohi D, Yazdizadeh P, Ghasemi S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Stachys byzantina Koch: characterization, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity. J Part Sci Technol. 2022; 40(2): 219–232.
  • Nabavi SF, Di Lorenzo A, Izadi M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Daglia M, Nabavi SM. Antibacterial effects of cinnamon: from farm to food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Nutrients. 2015; 7(9): 7729–7748.
  • Zhu HL, Chen G, Chen SN, Wang QR, Wan L, Jian SP. Characterization of polyphenolic constituents from Sanguisorba officinalis and its antibacterial activity. Eur Food Res Technol. 2019; 245(7): 1487–1498.
  • Yousefbeyk F, Ghasemi S, Evazalipour M, Dabirian S, Schubert C, Hekmatnia S, Habibi Y, Eghbali Koohi D, Böhm V. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of leaves and roots of Rubus hyrcanus Eur Food Res Technol. 2022; 248(1): 141–152.
  • Deighton N, Brennan R, Finn C, Davies HV. Antioxidant properties of domesticated and wild Rubus J Sci Food Agric. 2000; 80(9): 1307–1313.
  • Plackal George B, Thangaraj P, Sulaiman C, Piramanayagam S, Ramaswamy SK. Bioassay directed isolation and biological evaluation of compounds isolated from Rubus fairholmianus Biomed Res Int. 2014; Article ID 204340.
  • Ahmad M, Masood S, Sultana S, Hadda TB, Bader A, Zafar M. Antioxidant and nutraceutical value of wild medicinal Rubus Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015; 28(1): 241–247.
  • Lee J, Dossett M, Finn CE. Rubus fruit phenolic research: the good, the bad, and the confusing. Food Chem. 2012; 130(4): 785–796.
  • Gudej J, Tomczyk M. Determination of flavonoids, tannins and ellagic acid in leaves from Rubus species. Arch Pharm Res. 2004; 27(11): 1114–1119.
  • Patel A, Rojas-Vera J, Dacke C. Therapeutic constituents and actions of Rubus Curr Med Chem. 2004; 11(11): 1501–1512.
  • De Santis D, Carbone K, Garzoli S, Laghezza Masci V, Turchetti G. Bioactivity and chemical profile of Rubus idaeus L. leaves steam-distillation extract. Foods. 2022; 11(10): 1455–1472.
  • Venskutonis PR, Dvaranauskaite A, Labokas J. Radical scavenging activity and composition of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaves from different locations in Lithuania. Fitoterapia. 2007; 78(2): 162–165.
  • Schulz M, Chim JF. Nutritional and bioactive value of Rubus Food Biosci. 2019; 31: 1–14
  • Caplan JS, Yeakley JA. Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan blackberry) occurrence and growth in relation to soil and light conditions in western Oregon. Northwest Sci. 2006; 80(1): 9–17.
  • Sedighi E, Rahimmalek M. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Rubus hyrcanus using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and morphological markers. Biologia. 2015; 70(3): 339–348.
  • Ataei-e-Jaliseh S, Mehregan I, Tarang A, Nejadsattari T. A taxonomic review of Rubus (Rosaceae) in the northern Iran based on the analysis of quantitative morphological characters. J Biodivers Environ Sci. 2015; 6(3): 113–120.
  • Zengin G, Ferrante C, Senkardes I, Gevrenova R, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Menghini L, Orlando G, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Picot-Allain CMN, Rengasamy KRR, Mahomoodally MF. Multidirectional biological investigation and phytochemical profile of Rubus sanctus and Rubus ibericus. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019; 127: 237–250.
  • Cakilcioglu U, Turkoglu I. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 132(1): 165–175.
  • Veličković I, Živković J, Stojković D, Sokovic MD, Marin PD, Grujić S. Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and potential food preserving properties of Rubus discolor (Rosaceae) fruit extracts. Nat Prod Commun. 2021; 16(4): 1–9.
  • Dubravka Purgar D, Duralija B, Voća S, Vokurka A, Ercisli S. A comparison of fruit chemical characteristics of two wild grown Rubus species from different locations of Croatia. Molecules. 2012; 17(9): 10390–10398.
  • Veličković I, Žižak Ž, Simin N, Bekvalac K, Ivanov M, Soković M, Marin PD, Grujić S. Phenolic profile and biological potential of wild blackberry (Rubus discolor) fruits. Bot Serb. 2021; 45(2): 215–222.
  • Gürbüz İ, Özçelik B, Günbatan T, Akkol E, Sahinoz M, Akaydın G. Antibacterial, antifungal and enzyme inhibitory effects of selected plants from Turkey. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2021; 34(3): 1011–1017.
  • Veličković I, Grujić S, Marin P. Antioxidant properties of Rubus discolor leaf extracts. Zb Matice Srp Prir Nauke. 2016; 131: 189–196.
  • Saeidnia S, Gohari AR. Pharmacognosy and molecular pharmacognosy in practice: a laboratory desk reference of pharmacognosy for researchers and students. Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012.
  • Yousefbeyk F, Esmaili T, Pashna Z, HozoriI Z, GhohariI AR, Ostad SN, Amin GR. Antioxidant activity, total phenol and total anthocyanin contents of Cornus sanguinea subsp australis. (C.A.Mey.) Jáv. J Med Plants. 2014; 13(49): 69–74.
  • Yousefbeyk F, Ebrahimi-Najafabadi H, Dabirian S, Salimi S, Baniardalani F, Azmian Moghadam F, Ghasemi S. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of eight cultivars of tea (Camellia sinensis) and rapid discrimination with FTIR spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques. Pharm Sci. 2023; 29(1): 100–110.
  • Azmian Moghadam F, Kefayati H, Evazalipour M, Ghasemi S. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study of novel 4-anilinoquinazolines derivatives as anticancer agents. Iran J Chem Chem Eng. 2022; 41(2): 353–367.
  • Ghasemi S, Davaran S, Sharifi S. Comparison of cytotoxic activity of L778123 as a farnesyltranferase inhibitor and doxorubicin against A549 and HT-29 cell lines. Adv Pharm Bull. 2013; 3(1): 73–77.
  • Mohammed AE, Al-Qahtani A, Al-Mutairi A, Al-Shamri B, Aabed K. Antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by some plant extracts. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(6): 382–397.
  • Moghadam FA, Evazalipour M, Kefayati H, Ghasemi S. 6, 7-disubstituted-4-anilinoquinazoline: design, synthesis and anticancer activity as a novel series of potent anticancer agents. Pharm Sci. 2021; 27(2): 209–218.
  • Yousefbeyk F, Gohari AR, Sourmaghi MHS, Amini M, Jamalifar H, Amin M, Golfakhrabadi F, Ramezani N, Amin Gh. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from different parts of Daucus littoralis Smith subsp. hyrcanicus Rech f. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2014; 17(4): 570–576.
  • Veljkovic B, Djordjevic N, Dolicanin Z, Licina B, Topuzovic M, Stankovic M, Zlatic L, Dajic-Stevanovic Z. Antioxidant and anticancer properties of leaf and fruit extracts of the wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus ). Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj-Napoca. 2019; 47(2): 359–367.
  • Martini S, D'Addario C, Colacevich A, Focardi S, Borghini F, Santucci A, Figura N, Rossi C. Antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori strains and antioxidant properties of blackberry leaves (Rubus ulmifolius) and isolated compounds. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009; 34(1): 50–59.
  • Muniyandi K, George E, Sathyanarayanan S, George BP, Abrahamse H, Thamburaj S, Thangaraj P. Phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanins contents influenced antioxidant and anticancer activities of Rubus fruits from Western Ghats, India. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2019; 8(1): 73–81.
  • Rajendran NK, George BP, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H. Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Rubus fairholmianus root extract and their activity against pathogenic bacteria. Molecules. 2021; 26(10): 3029–3039.
  • Thiem B, Goślińska O. Antimicrobial activity of Rubus chamaemorus Fitoterapia. 2004; 75(1): 93–95.
  • Jang HN, Ha JH, Lee YJ, Fu MM, Park SN. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from root of Rubus coreanus Miquel and their antimicrobial activity. Microbiol Biotechnol Lett. 2019; 47(1): 54–63.
  • Jazić M, Kukrić Z, Vulić J, Četojević‐Simin D. Polyphenolic composition, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of wild and cultivated blackberries (Rubus fruticosus) pomace. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2019; 54(1): 194–201.
  • Plackal Adimuriyil George B, Tynga IM, Abrahamse H. In vitro antiproliferative effect of the acetone extract of Rubus fairholmianus root on human colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Res Int. 2015; Article ID 165037.
  • Plackal George B, Thangaraj P, Sulaiman C, Piramanayagam S, Ramaswamy SK. Bioassay directed isolation and biological evaluation of compounds isolated from Rubus fairholmianus Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014: 1–15
  • Cadi HE, Bouzidi HE, Selama G, Ramdan B, Majdoub YOE, Alibrando F, Brigui J, Altemimi AB, Dugo P, Mondello L, Cacciola F. Characterization of Rubus fruticosus berries growing wild in Morocco: phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and chromatography analysis. Eur Food Res Technol. 2021; 247(7): 1689–1699.
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
Volume 10, Issue 4
October 2023
Pages 71-80

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics