Anti-Halitosis Tooth Paste: From Persian Manuscripts toward Clinic

Document Type : Original paper

Authors

1 Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

3 Food and Drug Control Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

4 Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

5 Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

 
 

Background and objectives: Halitosis as a common dentistry ailment which has a prevalence of around 50% of the adult population. There are many dental formulations in traditional Persian pharmacy called “Gharagher”, “Mazmazeh”, “Sonoun”, etc for treatment of halitosis. In the present study, we have tried to describe the step by step modernization of traditional herbal advices for treatment of halitosis. Methods: Traditional Persian manuscripts were reviewed and dome herbs were selected for formulation of toothpaste. Qualitative and quantitative controls were performed on raw materials and toothpaste was formulated using the selected herbs. Pharmaceutical control tests including squeeze, centrifuge, conductivity, particle size, spreading, temperature related stability, and microbial limit tests were performed on the toothpastes. Results: A total of 31 medicinal plants from 24 plant families and 12 anti-halitosis “Sonoun”s  possessing anti-halitosis related properties were found. Syzygium aromaticum, Pistacia atlantica var. mutica, and Punica granatum var. pleniflora were selected for the formulation. Results of quality contril assays were in the accepted range of pharmacopeias. GC-MS analysis showed 15 and 16 components in P. atlantica and S. aromaticum oils, respectively. GC-FID results showed 85.15% α-pinene in P. atlantica and 5.28% eugenol in S. aromaticum. ATR-IR spectrum was used for control of P. granatum flowers. The organoleptic properties, phase separation, particle size and microbial tests of formulations showed an accepted shelf life for performing clinical trials. The results proved a good texture property as well as desirable abrasive properties of the toothpaste. Post production quality control tests indicated the proper feature of final product after packaging. Conclusion: Such model would be a straight forward rout from traditional medical manuscripts toward clinic.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]  Tu Y. The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine. Nat Med. 2011; 17(10): 1217-1220.
[2]  Miyazaki H, Sakao S, Katoh Y, Takehara T. Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. J Periodontol. 1995; 66(8): 679-684.
[3]  Liu XN, Shinada K, Chen XC, Zhang BX, Yaegaki K, Kawaguchi Y. Oral malodor-related parameters in the Chinese general population. J Clin Periodontol. 2006; 33(1): 31-36.
[4]  Van den Broek AM, Feenstra L, de Baat C. A review of the current literature on etiology and measurement methods of halitosis. J Dent. 2007; 35(8): 627-635.
[5]  Klokkeuold PR .Oral malodor: a periodontal perspective. J Calif Dent Assoc. 1997; 25(2): 153-159.
[6]  Davies A, Epstein J. Oral complications of cancer and its management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
[7]  Takeuchi H, Machigashira M, Yamashita D, Kozono S, Nakajima Y, Miyamoto M, Takeuchi N, Setoguchi T, Noguchi K. The association of periodontal disease with oral malodour in a Japanese population. Oral Dis. 2010; 16(7): 702-706.
[8]  McNamara TF, Alexander JF, Lee M. The role of microorganisms in the production of oral malodor. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972; 34(1): 41-48.
[9]  Tyrrell KL, Citron DM, Warren YA, Nachnani S, Goldstein EJ. Anaerobic bacteria cultured from the tongue dorsum of subjects with oral malodor. Anaerobe. 2003; 9(5): 243-246.
[10]  Gurbuz T, Tan H. Oral health status in epileptic children. Pediatr Int. 2010; 52(2): 279-283.
[11]  Koshimune S, Awano S, Gohara K, Kurihara E, Ansai T, Takehara T. Low salivary flow and volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003; 96(1): 38-41.
[12]  Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontol 2000. 2002; 28(1): 12-55.
[13]  Fox PC. Differentiation of dry mouth etiology. Adv Den Res. 1996; 10(1): 13-16.
[14]  Wiener RC, Wu B, Crout R, Wiener M, Plassman B, Kao E, McNeil D. Hyposalivation and xerostomia in dentate older adults. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010; 141(3): 279-284.
[15]  Söder B, Johansson B, Soder PO. The relation between foetor ex ore, oral hygiene and periodontal disease. Swed Dent J. 2000; 24(3): 73-82.
[16]  Afsharypour A. Introduction to Iranian traditional pharmacy and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Tehran: Chogan, 2013.
[17]  Aghili Shirazi MH. Makhzan al-advia. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences Press, 2009.
[18]  Biruni AR. Seydaneh fit teb. Tehran: Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature Press, 2004.
[19]  Jorjani SE. Al-aghraz al-tebbiehval-mabahes al-alayieh.Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences Press, 2006.
[20]  Tonekaboni H. Tohfatol momenin. Tehran: Nashre Shahr Press, 2007.
[21]  Aghili Shirazi MH. Qarabadin-e kabir. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences Press, 2009.
[22]  Ghaeni-Heravi MS. Amalesaleh (Qarabadin-e salehi). Tehran: Choogan, 2013.
[23]  Azamkhan MAK. Qarabadin-e azam. Tehran: Intisharat va Amoozesh Enghelab Islami Press, 1853.
[24]  Razi A. Secret book of Alchemy. Tehran: Tehran University Publications, 1992.
[25]  Hooper D. Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1937.
[26]  Editorial board. The United States pharmacopeia 31st ed. Rockville: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 2008.
[27]  Editorial board. British pharmacopoeia. vol. 2. London: HMSO, 1988.
[28]  Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Illinois: Allured Publishing Corporation, 2004.
[29]  Sakhteman A, Keshavarz R, Mohagheghzadeh A. ATR-IR fingerprinting as a powerful method for identification of traditional medicine samples: a report of 20 herbal patterns. Res J Pharmacogn. 2015; 2(3): 1-8.
[30]  Kazemifard GA. The quality control tests of the dosage forms. 1st ed. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 2007.
[31]  Fahimi S, Naseri M. Anti-halitosis plants in Iranian traditional medicine. Res J Pharmacogn. 2015; 2(2): 61-66.
[32]  Rezadoost H, Karimi M, Jafari M. Proteomics of hot-wet and cold-dry temperaments proposed in Iranian traditional medicine: a network based study. Sci Rep. 2016; Article ID 30133.
[33]  Mohagheghzadeh A, Faridi P, Ghasemi Y. Analysis of mount atlas mastic smoke: A potential food preservative. Fitoterapia. 2010; 81(6): 577-580.
[34]  Delazar A, Reid RG, Sarker SD. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil from the oleoresin of Pistacia atlantica var. mutica. Chem Nat Compd. 2004; 40(1): 24-27.
[35]  Bhuiyan MNI, Begum J, Nandi NC, Akter F. Constituents of the essential oil from leaves and buds of clove (Syzigium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston). Afr J Plant Sci. 2010; 4(11): 451-454.
[36]  Omidbeygi M, Barzegar M, Hamidi Z, Naghdibadi H. Antifungal activity of thyme, summer savory and clove essential oils against Aspergillus xavus in liquid medium and tomato paste. Food Control. 2007; 18(12): 1518-1523.
[37]  Aulton ME. Aulton’s pharmaceutics: the design and manufacture of medicines. 3rd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2007.
[38]  Editorial board. European Pharmacopoeia. 8th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2013.
[39]  Yadav MK, Chae S, Im GJ, Chung J, Song J. Eugenol: a phyto-compound effective against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain biofilms. PLoS One. 2015; Article ID: 0119564.
[40]  Sedigh-Rahimabadi M, Fani M, Rostami-Chijan M, Zarshenas MM, Shams M. A traditional mouthwash (Punica granatum var pleniflora) for controlling gingivitis of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. J Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2017; 22(1): 59-67.
[41]  Arami S, Mojaddadi MA, Pourabbas R, Chitsaz MT, Delazar A, Mobayen H. The effect of Pistacia atlantica var. mutica mouthwash on dental plaque bacteria and subgingival microorganisms: a randomized and controlled triple-blind study. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2015; 65(9): 463-467.
 
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
Volume 5, Issue 4
October 2018
Pages 15-23

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics