Solanum torvum for Hypertension: a Systematic Review

Document Type : Review

Authors

1 Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

2 Institute of Biology System, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract

Solanum torvum is one of the plants mentioned in “Kitab Al-Tibb Pontianak”, a historical medical manuscript which encompasses many traditional healings of Malay people for various ailments including of hypertension. This systematic review involves searching within Science Direct, SCOPUS, and PUBMED databases with the aim to find scientific evidences purporting this traditional claim. The keywords such as anti-hypertensive, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, blood pressure, diuretic, vasodilation, Solanum torvum, and S. torvum were used with suitable Boolean operators. Sixteen research articles were finally included in this systematic review after considering some inclusions and exclusions criteria. The evidence that supported S. torvum use for hypertension included its capability in reducing blood pressure in normal and high fructose-induced hypertensive rats, and also its diuretic effect by increasing sodium excretion and total urinary output in normal and in nitric-oxide deprived rats, as well as the ability to inhibit ACE, the key enzyme that mediates consequential increment of blood pressure. On contrary, S. torvum also induced partial vasoconstriction and amplified the hypertensive effect in the nitric-oxide-deprived hypertensive rats. In conclusion, this review found scientific evidence asserting the traditional use of S. torvum for hypertension with some conflicting findings in some study models. Therefore, this ethnomedicinal claim warrants more scientific verification, especially on its effect on the essential hypertension model which is very common in humans but has not yet been explored.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020; 16(4): 223–237.
  • Fantom NJ, Serajuddin U. The World Bank's classification of countries by income. World Bank policy research working paper no. 7528. [Accessed 2022]. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2741183.
  • Mahadir Naidu B, Mohd Yusoff MF, Abdullah S, Musa KI, Yaacob NM, Mohamad MS, Sahril N, Aris T. Factors associated with the severity of hypertension among Malaysian adults. PLoS One. 2019; 14(1): 1–16.
  • Rahmawati R, Bajorek BV. Self-medication among people living with hypertension: a review. Fam Pract. 2017; 34(2): 147–153.
  • Chrysant SG, Chrysant GS. Herbs used for the treatment of hypertension and their mechanism of action. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2017; 19(9): 1–10.
  • Abdul Hamid FAF, Fauzi NW. Perubatan melayu tradisional: Kitab Tibb Pontianak (Malay traditional medicine: Kitab Tibb Pontianak). J Al-Tamaddun. 2012; 7(1): 149–162.
  • Mohan M, Jaiswal BS, Kasture S. Effect of Solanum torvum on blood pressure and metabolic alterations in fructose hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 126(1): 86–89.
  • Inta A, Trisonthi P, Trisonthi C. Analysis of traditional knowledge in medicinal plants used by Yuan in Thailand. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 149(1): 344–351.
  • Yang J, Chen WY, Fu Y, Yang T, Luo XD, Wang YH, Wang YH. Medicinal and edible plants used by the Lhoba people in Medog County, Tibet, China. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020; 249: 1–13.
  • Nguelefack TB, Mekhfi H, Dimo T, Afkir S, Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Legssyer A, Ziyyat A. Cardiovascular and anti-platelet aggregation activities of extracts from Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) fruits in rat. J Complement Integr Med. 2008; 5(1): 1–13.
  • Li J, Zhang L, Huang C, Guo F, Li Y. Five new cyotoxic steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Fitoterapia. 2014; 93: 209–215.
  • Panyadee P, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Inta A. Medicinal plants in homegardens of four ethnic groups in Thailand. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019; 239: 1–14.
  • Picking D, Younger N, Mitchell S, Delgoda R. The prevalence of herbal medicine home use and concomitant use with pharmaceutical medicines in Jamaica. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 137(1): 305–311.
  • Ong HC, Nordiana M. Malay ethno-medico botany in Machang, Kelantan, Malaysia. Fitoterapia. 1999; 70(5): 502–513.
  • Sivapriya M, Leela S. Isolation and purification of a novel antioxidant protein from the water extract of sundakai (Solanum torvum) seeds. Food Chem. 2007; 104(2): 510–517.
  • Agrawal AD, Bajpei PS, Patil AA, Bavaskar SR. Solanum torvum - a phytopharmacological review. Der Pharm Lett. 2010; 2(4): 403–407.
  • Yousaf Z, Wang Y, Baydoun E. Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies on Solanum torvum Swartz. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2013; 3(4): 152–160.
  • Darkwah WK, Koomson DA, Miwornunyuie N, Nkoom M, Puplampu JB. Review: phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Solanum torvum fruits. All Life. 2020; 13(1): 498–506.
  • The Joanna Briggs Institute. Checklist for analytical cross sectional studies. [Accessed 2022]. Available from: https://jbi.global/sites/default/files/2019-05/JBI_Critical_Appraisal-Checklist_for_Analytical_Cross_Sectional_Studies2017_0.pdf.
  • Esakkimuthu S, Mutheeswaran S, Arvinth S, Paulraj MG, Pandikumar P, Ignacimuthu S. Quantitative ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants given for cardiometabolic diseases by the non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 186: 329–342.
  • Lu YY, Luo JG, Kong LY. Chemical constituents from Solanum torvum. Chin J Nat Med. 2011; 9(1): 30–32.
  • Mahmood U, Shukla YN, Thakur RS. Non-alkaloidal constituents from Solanum torvum leaves. Phytochemistry. 1983; 22(1): 167–169.
  • Pérez Colmenares A, Rojas LB, Mitaine Offer AC, Pouységu L, Quideau S, Miyamoto T, Tanaka C, Paululat T, Usubillaga A, Lacaille Dubois MA. Steroidal saponins from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Phytochemistry. 2013; 86: 137–143.
  • Lu Y, Luo J, Huang X, Kong L. Four new steroidal glycosides from Solanum torvum and their cytotoxic activities. Steroids. 2009; 74(1): 95–101.
  • Maaliki D, Shaito AA, Pintus G, El-Yazbi A, Eid AH. Flavonoids in hypertension: a brief review of the underlying mechanisms. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2019; 45: 57–65.
  • Olaleye M, Crown O, Akinmoladun A, Akindahunsi A. Rutin and quercetin show greater efficacy than nifedipin in ameliorating hemodynamic, redox, and metabolite imbalances in sodium chloride-induced hypertensive rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2014; 33(6): 602–608.
  • Leeya Y, Mulvany MJ, Queiroz EF, Marston A, Hostettmann K, Jansakul C. Hypotensive activity of an n-butanol extract and their purified compounds from leaves of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010; 649(1-3): 301–313.
  • Nwanna EE, Ibukun EO, Oboh G, Ademosun AO, Boligon AA, Athayde M. HPLC-DAD analysis and In-vitro property of polyphenols extracts from (Solanum aethiopium) fruits on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme activities. Int J Biomed Sci. 2014; 10(4): 272–281.
  • Anuar TFT, Ismail A. Southeast Asian medicinal plants with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition properties. Pharmacogn J. 2020; 12(6): 1429–1439.
  • Simaratanamongkol A, Umehara K, Noguchi H, Panichayupakaranant P. Identification of a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor from Thai edible plants. Food Chem. 2014; 165: 92–97.
  • Simaratanamongkol A, Umehara K, Niki H, Noguchi H, Panichayupakaranant P. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Solanum torvum and isolation of a novel methyl salicylate glycoside. J Funct Foods. 2014; 11: 557–562.
  • Nguelefack TB, Mekhfi H, Dongmo AB, Dimo T, Watcho P, Zoheir J, Legssyer A, Kamanyi A, Ziyyat A. Hypertensive effects of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Solanum torvum fruits in l-NAME treated rats: evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 124(3): 592–599.
  • Rammohan M, Raj U, Reddy CS. Comparative diuretic activity of seed and fruit wall extract of Solanum torvum. Hygeia J D Med. 2011; 3(1): 50–53.

 

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
Volume 10, Issue 2
April 2023
Pages 75-84

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics