- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44582420151001Modulation of liver enzymes by an Iranian preparation of Echinacea purpurea1310992ENA. ManayiMedicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.A. TehranifardShahid Ramezani Clinic, Behboodi Avenue, Azadi Street, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20150828Hepatitis B, a common infectious disease of liver, is transmitted by blood and body fluids like semen and vaginal fluid that carry hepatitis B virus (HBV). In chronic infection, medical care is required to decrease possibility of cirrhosis and liver cancer. In the present report, the hepatoprotective effect of an <em>Echinacea purpurea</em> preparation (Echiherb<sup>®</sup>) has been described in a patient who suffered from HBV infection. The levels of both enzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) decreased to their normal level after 6 weeks of treatment. Therefore, this report may provide a new perspective for protection of liver in patients with HBV infection along with other diseases which damage liver cells using <em>E. purpurea</em> preparations. https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_10992_c0c7c07551caf4053b21347e3e95452e.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44582420151001Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil, aerial parts and hairy roots extracts of Nepeta pogonosperma on rat brain mixed cells51010994ENS. ValimehrNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14155-6343.F. SanjarianNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14155-6343.F. SabouniNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14155-6343H. HashemiNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14155-6343A. SharafiZanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, P.O.Box 451951338.Journal Article20150528Background and objectives: Many <em>Nepeta</em> species have been commonly used in Iranian folk medicine as tranquilizer, relaxant, carminative and restorative tonic for nervous and respiratory disorders. Inflammation is a problem in many diseases and has an important role in brain function that can cause neurodegenerative disorders. Inflamed glial cells can exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases by producing neurotoxins. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil, aerial parts and hairy roots extracts of <em>Nepeta pogonosperma</em> Jamzad & Assadi have been evaluated on rat brain mixed cells. Methods: Inflamed mixed glial cells from rats’ brains were treated with different concentrations of essential oil and extracts from aerial parts and hairy roots of <em>Nepeta pogonosperma </em>to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects. No level as the indicator for inflammation was measured. Results: The results revealed that 0.5 µL/mL of the essential oil reduced NO production significantly. In addition, some hairy root extract concentrations led to reduce it, although the extract of the aerial parts of the plant did not affect NO production. Conclusion: This research has confirmed the anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil and hairy root extract of <em>Nepeta pogonosperma </em>on rat brain mixed cells.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_10994_0aad528a50ecf1c1477493498d3148ae.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44582420151001Antimicrobial effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) bark essential oil in cream-filled cakes and pastries111610995ENM. VazirianDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 14155-6451.S. AlehabibDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 14155-6451.H. JamalifarDepartment of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,14155-6451M. R. FazeliDepartment of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,14155-6451A. Najarian ToosiFood and Drug Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranM. KhanaviDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 14155-6451.Journal Article20150828Background and objectives: Food poisoning has been always a major concern in health system of every community and cream-filled products are one of the most widespread food poisoning causes in humans. In present study, we examined the preservative effect of the cinnamon oil in cream-filled cakes. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of <em>Cinnamomum verum</em> J. Presl (Cinnamon) bark essential oil was examined against five food-borne pathogens (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Candida albicans</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em> and <em>Salmonella</em> <em>typhimurium</em>) to investigate its potential for use as a natural preservative in cream-filled baked goods. Chemical constituents of the oil were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For evaluation of preservative sufficiency of the oil, pathogens were added to cream-filled cakes manually and 1 μL/mL of the essential oil was added to all samples except the blank. Results: Chemical constituents of the oil were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and twenty five components were identified where cinnamaldehyde (79.73%), linalool (4.08%), cinnamaldehyde para-methoxy (2.66%), eugenol (2.37%) and trans-caryophyllene (2.05%) were the major constituents. Cinnamon essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against selected pathogens<em> in vitro</em> and the minimum inhibitory concentration values against all tested microorganisms were determined as 0.5 μL/disc except for <em>S. aureus</em> for which, the oil was not effective in tested concentrations. After baking, no observable microorganism was observed in all susceptible microorganisms count in 72h stored samples. Conclusion: It was concluded that by analysing the sensory quality of the preserved food, cinnamon oil may be considered as a natural preservative in food industry, especially for cream-filled cakes and pastries.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_10995_bd7b173f3385fb7c7c346ef0926c1fcb.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44582420151001Neuroprotective effects of Salvia aristata Aucher ex Benth. on hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells172610996ENM. A. EsmaeiliDepartment of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University G. C., Tehran, Iran.M. AlilouDepartment of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University G. C., Tehran, Iran.A. SonboliDepartment of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University G. C., Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20150528Background and objectives: Oxidative stress is implicated in the neuronal damage associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis and cerebral ischemic stroke. The present work was designed to establish the neuroprotective effects of <em>Salvia aristata</em> extract on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced apoptosis in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: The total phenol and flavonoids contents of the plant extracts were quantified by colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH free radicals scavenging activity assay, and the neuroprotective effect on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress was also investigated using human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells by MTT assay and western blotting techniques. Results: The highest scavenging activity was found for methanol extract of <em>S. aristata </em>roots (85.28 ± 2.61 μg/mL), with the highest total phenolic and flavonoids content (90.28 mg total phenols as gallic acid and 250.12 mg total flavonoids as rutin, respectively). Our results also, showed that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells was suppressed by treatment with <em>S. aristata</em>. Moreover, <em>S. aristata</em> root extract was effective in attenuating the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic cell death has induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. <em>S. aristata</em> suppressed the down-regulation of Bcl-2, upregulation of Bax, and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c </em>to cytosol. In addition, <em>S. aristata</em> attenuated caspase-3, and -9 activation, and eventually protected the cells against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Theresults of the present study suggest that treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with <em>S. aristata</em> could block H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 family members and by suppressing caspase cascade activation.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_10996_21bfab0c2d178f58f3edac9545521463.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44582420151001Biological activity of various extracts and phenolic content of Micromeria persica and M. hedgei273110997ENA. SonboliDepartment of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20150528Background and objectives: Lamiaceae members have long been used in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) for their various medicinal properties. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity as well as the total phenolic content (TPC) of the various extracts and fractions of two Iranian endemic <em>Micromeria</em> (<em>M. persica</em> and <em>M. hedgei</em>). Methods: Plant materials were extracted with methanol by maceration for 24 h. Then, the methanol extract (ME) was further fractionated to obtain the chloroform (M-C) and water (M-W) fractions. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against seven Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and three fungi. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method and the data were compared with their total phenolic contents. Results: The nonpolar sub fractions (M-C) of both plants were active against pathogens especially <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis </em>with equal MIC values of3.75 and 7.5 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activity evaluation showed that the polar fractions of both <em>Micromeria</em> species were stronger than nonpolar fractions, while the more considerable effect was observed for the water soluble fraction of the extract for <em>M. hedgei</em> with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 59.1 µg/mL in comparison to <em>M. persica</em> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 76.3 µg/mL). The highest gallic acid equivalent (GAE) total phenolic contents was found to be 263.5 ± 1<em>.</em>5 and 256.3 ± 3.1 mg/g dry weight for M-W extracts of <em>M. hedgei</em> and <em>M. persica</em>, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that the two species might be suggested as new potential sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_10997_483102615727a5fa10e3785a8c6cc582.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44582420151001Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of some plants from Rosaceae333710998ENS. EsmaeiliTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.L. AraTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.H. HajimehdipoorDepartment of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.H. KolivandTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.S. Mohammadi MotamedPharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20150828Background and objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age dependent disorder. AD is associated with decrease of brain acetylcholine level. Nowadays, one of the methods for progression inhibition of AD is using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Rosaceae is a large plant family. Different biological effects of some species of this family have been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activity of the selected plants belonging to Rosaceae family. Methods: AChEI activity of six species from Rosaceae including <em>Cotoneaster nummularia, Cerasus microcarpa, Amygdalus scoparia, Agrimonia eupatoria, Rosa canina</em> and<em> Rosa damascena</em> were evaluated based on Ellman’s method in concentration of 300 µg/mL using total extracts and methanol fractions which were obtained by maceration. Results: The results showed that the total extract and methanol fraction of the aerial parts of <em>A. eupatoria</em> demonstrated significant AChEI activity with 46.5% and 56.2% inhibition of the enzyme, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the AChEI activity of the methanol fraction of <em>A. eupatoria</em>, it seems that the polar components of the species such as flavonoids may be responsible for its effectiveness.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_10998_d03a9bb69f8fdccf6a3b1efb40c3e92f.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44582420151001An improved HPLC method for determination of colocynthin in colocynth394810999ENM. ShekarchiFood and Drug Control Laboratories and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, MOH and ME, Tehran, Iran.F. RamezanyDepartment of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) of the Faculty of Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.M. R. Shams ArdekaniDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.M. LamshöftInstitute of Environmental Research (INFU) of the Faculty of Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.H. RastegarFood and Drug Control Laboratories and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, MOH and ME, Tehran, Iran.M. EftekhariDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.M. KhanaviDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.Journal Article20150828Background and objectives: Colocynthin is the major active secondary metabolite of colocynth, <em>Citrullus colocynthis</em> (L.) Schrad, which has been used in traditional and ethno medicine of many countries. It could be considered as an active marker for quality control of colocynth and its herbal products. Analysis and standardization of colocynth and its herbal preparations are a critical issue for their safe applications in phytotherapy and traditional medicine. In the present work, a simple and efficient sample preparation was developed and optimized through combination of matrix solid phase dispersion and ultrasonic assisted extraction. In addition, analytical reversed-phase HPLC method was optimized for analyzing the concentration of colocynthin in colocynth pulp. Methods: Powdered colocynth pulp was grinded with diatomaceous earth to obtain a homogenous mixture. The blend was mixed with methanol and extracted by sonication, followed by centrifugation and filtration. The analytical chromatographic separation was carried out using Luna C<sub>18</sub> in isocratic elution with methanol: isopropanol: water: triflouroacetic acid (30:10:60:0.1 v/v). The method was validated as well. Results: The validation parameters were determines as follows, linear range (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.999, 75-500 μg/mL), precision (intra-day < 2.7%, inter-day = 4.4%) and accuracy measured via determination of recovery (90-107%). The limit of detection and quantization were calculated 8.5 and 25.7 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Regarding the relatively high content of colocynthin in colocynth pulp, the validated HPLC method could be applied for quality control of colocynth pulp used in Traditional Persian Medicine. https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_10999_792c5c453f9d0b2d703184fc4d371a21.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44582420151001Recent progress in simultaneous estimation of rutin, quercetin and liquiritin in Cocculus hirsutus by HPTLC495511000ENV. PatilDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IndiaS. AngadiDepartment of Pharmacology, Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.S. DevdheDepartment of Pharmacology, Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.P. WakteDepartment of Chemical Technology, UDCT, Dr. BAMU, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.Journal Article20150428Background and objectives: Rutin, quercetin and liquiritin arepolyphenol flavonoids which have shown anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antiulcer, antiallergic, antidiabetic, antiviral and antioxidant activities. They are found in many herbal plants, one of them is <em>Cocculus hirsutus</em>. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a new, accurate, precise and economic HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of rutin, quercetin and liquiritin in ethanol extract of <em>Cocculus hirsutus</em> leaves. Methods: The simultaneous estimation of rutin, quercetin and liquiritin has been done by HPTLC on silica gel 60 F<sub>254</sub> TLC plate using <em>n</em>- butanol: acetic acid: water: formic acid (7:1:1:0.25) as the mobile phase and was quantified by densitometric scanning at 254 nm. The method was validated as well. Results: Rutin, quercetin and liquiritin were satisfactorily resolved with R<sub>f</sub> values of 0.47±0.03, 0.63 ±0.03 and 0.82±0.02, respectively. The linearity was found to be 1500-4000, 500-3000 and 100-700 ng per spot for rutin, quercetin and liquiritin, respectively. The inter-day RSD values were always less than 2, accuracy was 99.25% ±5% for rutin, 99.29% ±5% for quercetin, and 94.04 ±6% for liquiritin. The LOD was found to be 310.234, 346.8421 and 11.5571 ng per spot and LOQ was found to be 940.1032, 451.037 and 35.0213 ng per spot for rutin, quercetin and liquiritin, respectively. Conclusion: The statistically validated results indicated that the proposed new method has good accuracy and precision. Thus this new HPTLC method could be successfully applied for simultaneous determination of rutin, quercetin and liquiritin in herbal plants and their product.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_11000_136f2a799c43f8fc59f17c313a8d2aa0.pdf