- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Filtered Kombucha Tea Rings the Bell for TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, and Dectin-1 in Mice Model of Colitis1410738210.22127/rjp.2020.213538.1543ENElaheh Mahmoudi*Division of Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-3536Mansoureh YazdkhastiDepartment of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.Amin GharanfoliStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20200105<strong>Background and objectives</strong>: TLR2, TLR4, and Dectin-1 (Clec7) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by intestinal epithelia cells and MYD88 is a signaling molecule of TLR2 and TLR4. They warn immune system about the presence of invading pathogens promoting initiation of inflammatory response. Because of colonic cancer risk, therapy of intestinal inflammation is of high importance. Natural products are suitable candidates among which Kombucha tea has shown healing effect on mice model of colitis. <strong>Methods</strong>: Filtered Kombucha tea was prepared from black tea and sucrose plus tea fungus and previously fermented Kombucha tea. The collection was fermented by incubation at 28 °C for 14 days and filtered. Colitis was induced in young and old mice by administration of 3.5% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water during 7 days; filtrated Kombucha tea was given orally to animals with colitis, at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg daily for 21 days. Dectin-1, f toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, 4, as PRRs, and MyD88, as PRR signaling molecule were measured and compared with the age-matched normal and colitis model. <strong>Results</strong>: Treatment with filtrated Kombucha tea significantly affected TLR2/TLR4 pathway and its downstream signaling molecules, MYD88 & dectin-1expression and subsequently inflammatory condition in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of the present study may indicate possible implication of Kombucha tea with TLRS which consequently produces the anti-colitis effects.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_107382_fb3766ca5eec9d8bee42b7383beac989.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted Acidic-solvent Extraction of Colchicine from Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef. Using Response Surface Methodology51310622310.22127/rjp.2020.219998.1558ENMohammad AzadbakhtDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.0000-0002-6298-8718Elnaz KhoshvishkaiePharmaceutical Cares Department, Ayatollah Khamenei Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Abbas Abad, Iran.Ali Davoodi*Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.0000-0001-7286-3567Seyed Jalal HosseinimehrDepartment of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.Masoud AzadbakhtDepartment of Plant Systematics, High Educational of Sanna Institute, Sari, Iran.Saeed EmamiDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.Hossein Bakhshi JouybariDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.0000-0002-9909-8831Fatemeh MirzaeeDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.0000-0003-3500-4952Kiana GhadiriActive Pharmaceutical Research Centre (APIRC), Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20200219<strong>Background and objectives: </strong><em>Colchicum kurdicum</em> (Bornm.) Stef. is a flowering perennial monocotyledon plant that has many important bioactive compounds especially colchicine and colchicine derivatives. In this study, the ultrasound-assisted acidic-solvent extraction method coupled with response-surface method was presented as the successful method for large scale extraction of colchicine as an alkaloid compound from <em>Colchicum kurdicum</em>. <strong>Methods: </strong>According to the literatures, methanol/deionized water (70:30) solvent system was selected for the extraction. In addition, the response-surface method was used for analysis and optimization of colchicine extraction by ultrasonic-assisted acidic-solvent extraction method. Subsequently, colchicine was extracted using this method and the effects of solvent pH, extraction time, solvent/plant ratio, power, and temperature were evaluated. <strong>Results: </strong>After all analysis procedures, 0.99 mg colchicine/g dried corms was achieved with the following conditions: solvent pH 4, Extraction time 120 minutes, solvent/plant ratio 20 mL/g, power 100 W, and temperature 60 ºC. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this study, ultrasonic-assisted acidic-solvent extraction was found an effective method for extraction of colchicine from <em>Colchicum kurdicum </em>(Bornm.) Stef. compared to other extraction methods.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_106223_474d4bcd067bd3a52186d0e30604f630.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Investigations on Aerial Parts of Argemone mexicana L.152410775710.22127/rjp.2020.220380.1559ENAdama Denou*Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.0000-0001-5529-530XAhmed AbubakarDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.4Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Dalen G. DafamDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.Thomas P. YakubuDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.Rokia SanogoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.Drissa DialloDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.Taiwo AlemikaAfrica Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.Journal Article20200219<strong>Background and objectives</strong>: In India,<em> Argemone mexicana</em> is traditionally used against fever, wounds, worms and malaria. In Mali the efficacy and safety of “Sumafura Tiemoko Bengaly” an herbal tea based on <em>A. mexicana</em> aerial parts against malaria have been demonstrated. This study was aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of its aerial parts. <strong>Methods:</strong> Macroscopy, microscopy, chemo-microscopy, phytochemical, mineral and physicochemical analyses were performed using standard methods. <strong>Results:</strong> The macroscopy showed that <em>A. mexicana</em> is an herbal plant with prickly both on its greenish stem and the pinnatelobed leaves; the flower is terminal and yellow and the fruit is a capsule with thorns. The microscopy revealed the presence of epidermal cells with actinocytic stomata, calcium oxalate prism, lacticifers, palisade cells, vascular bundle, fibers and collenchyma cells in the fresh leaf and the dry aerial parts. The chemo-microscopy revealed the presence of lignins, tannins, starch, calcium oxalate, oils and proteins. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, sterols and triterpenoids. The physicochemical parameters as observed included moisture content (8.2 %); total ash value (16.7 %); acid-insoluble ash value (2.9 %); water-soluble ash value (4.8 %); ethanol - soluble extractive value (17.2 %) and water- soluble extractive value (34.3 %). Six minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Pb, and Cd) have been also measured. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These parameters help to establish the correct identity of <em>A. mexicana</em> and check the occurrence of adulterations. Further, they are useful for the standardization and pharmacopoeia development.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_107757_08ab373993c2850afa32348e7e8a71bb.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Evaluation of Asarum europaeum L. Rhizome for the Biological Activities Related to Alzheimer’s Disease253310803910.22127/rjp.2020.223143.1565ENMina SaeediMedicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-9046-8058Yasaman Vahedi-MazdabadiPersian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000000306356190Arezoo RastegariPersian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mahdieh SoleimaniSchool of Pharmacy, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mahdieh EftekhariDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2786-5111Tahmineh AkbarzadehPersian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mahnaz Khanavi*Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.0000-0002-4053-6331Journal Article20200312<strong>Background and objectives:</strong> <em>Asarum europaeum</em> L. is an herbal medicine belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The rhizome of the plant has been used for the treatment of various diseases in complementary and alternative medicine of various countries. In Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), the aqueous extract of the rhizome has been used for the improvement and enhancement of memory. <strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts as well as different fractions of <em>A. europaeum</em> rhizome were evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChE), acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BChE) inhibitory activity viamodified Ellman's method. <strong>Results: </strong>The ethyl acetate fraction selectively showed the most suitable anti-AChE activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 99.69 µg/mL); none of the extracts or fractions demonstrated anti-BChE activity. In this regard, the ethyl acetate fraction was candidate for the investigation of further biological activities such as antioxidant activity, neuroprotectivity, and metal chelating ability related to Alzheimer’s disease. It depicted favorable neuroprotectivity at concentration of 100 μg/mL against the toxicity of exposure to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in PC12 cells (p£0.001, cell viability = 80/60%) and chelating ability towards zinc, iron, and copper ions. The results of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was much more potent than BHA as the reference drug. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The ethyl acetate fraction of<em>A. europaeum</em> L. showed potent biological activities involved in Alzheimer’s disease and needs complementary investigations to develop an herbal product against Alzheimer’s disease.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_108039_8dd87d01ed7f358d35fb7dc287f113d7.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Weak Anti-inflammatory and Anti-cancer Properties of Saffron354610804210.22127/rjp.2020.219943.1557ENMohammad Hossein HeidariProteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-1391-2258Zahra RazzaghiLaser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad Rostami-NejadGastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2495-1831Sina Rezaei-TaviraniProteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Saeed SafariProteomics Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani*Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-1767-7475Journal Article20200215<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Positive role of saffron in human health promotion has been investigated in widespread researches. Anticancer property, neuroprotection, protection of cardiovascular system and several positive properties are reported for saffron customers. The aim of this study was assessment of saffron weakness against light damage in rat retina. <strong>Methods:</strong> Gene profiles of control samples (C group) and light damage (L) groups were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and compared with similar samples in the presence of saffron. The unprotected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were evaluated via network analysis and pathway investigation. The critical genes which were not protected by saffron were identified and discussed. <strong>Results: </strong>Numbers of 67 DEGs were investigated via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, pathway assessment, and action map investigation. Findings indicated that STAT1, JUN, FOS, and STAT3 were the crucial genes that were not protected by saffron against light damage in rat retina. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It may be necessary that consumption of saffron require a suitable protocol to avoid from possible disadvantages; however, saffron is well known for its benefits in human nutrition. https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_108042_e645167f19e1aedc991b828fd54a412c.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Effect of Topical Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seed Oil on Childhood Sleep Disorders: a Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial475410524910.22127/rjp.2020.211114.1539ENMahdieh RanjbarDepartment of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0002-9911-3704Suleiman AfsharypuorDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.0000000288647524Fereshteh ShakibaeiBehavioral Sciences Research Center, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Mohammad Mazaheri*Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0002-8137-5482Journal Article20191211<strong>Background and objectives:</strong> Sleep disorders are among the most common complaints in childhood. Considering the pitfalls regarding safety and efficacy of conventional treatments for sleep disorders in children and based on the Persian medicine literature and results of recent animal and clinical investigations, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of topical lettuce seed oil in these patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial in 3-6 years old children with sleep disorders. They were randomly assigned to receive either topical placebo oil and clonidine capsule or lettuce seed oil and placebo capsule for three weeks. Lettuce seed oil was prepared using cold press method. Persian version of “BEARS” pediatric sleep questionnaire was used before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 20) and pResults: At the end of study, 67 patients out of 72 completed the study. Similar to control group, children in intervention group significantly improved regarding bedtime issues (p<0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (p=0.003), night awakenings (p=0.008), and problems in regularity and duration of sleep (p<0.001); however, no significant change was observed regarding the snoring in both groups. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Topical use of lettuce seed oil on forehead and temporal areas of children could be considered as a safe and effective treatment for sleep disorders. However, further studies with larger sample size, longer duration of follow-up, and with the use of objective outcome measures are warranted.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_105249_ecebc036d9db6571e04934512e15257e.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Pharmacognostic Characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. as a Means of Monitoring Quality556310775910.22127/rjp.2020.220695.1560ENEmelia Oppong Bekoe*Department of Pharmacognosy & Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Ghana.0000-0002-9875-2387Cindy KitcherDepartment of Pharmacognosy & Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Ghana.Gladys AgyeiDepartment of Pharmacognosy & Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Ghana.Samuel Frimpong-MansoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Ghana.Journal Article20200224<strong>Background and objectives: </strong><em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> L. (roselle) sepals, commonly known as bissap is prepared as a cold drink which is widely drunk in Ghana and across West-Africa for their medicinal and nutritional properties. The plant is known to have anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. For such a widely sold and used medicinal plant, it is important that simple but reliable parameters can be used to estimate the quality. This will reduce adulteration, improve quality and hence safeguard the consumer. This study was to examine simple parameters that can be employed to estimate the quality of dried whole and powdered samples of <em>H.</em> <em>sabdariffa</em> that are widely sold on the open West-African market. <strong>Methods: </strong>The parameters investigated were macroscopic, microscopic, phytochemical, physicochemical, microbiological, and fluorescence characteristics. Heavy metal and HPLC analyses were also performed. <strong>Results: </strong>The sepals of <em>H. sabdariffa </em>were dark red, united sepals alongside valvate aestivation. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. It exhibited unique fluorescent profiles in various reagents. HPLC fingerprint showed 7 peaks eluting within 1 and 5 minutes. Arsenic, lead, mercury, and chromium were not detected but cadmium was detected which was within acceptable limits. The aerobic bacteria and fungi count were also within acceptable limits. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These parameters can be used to evaluate the quality of dried sepals of <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> sold on the open market before they are used in the manufacturing of beverages and medicines.<br /> <br /> https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_107759_b889010baecdf28341c0ae07d9cd5c04.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Acute, Sub-acute and Cell Toxicity of Allium elburzense Bulb Hydroalcoholic Extract657510593610.22127/rjp.2020.216819.1552ENBahareh YavarianDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-0255-351XLeila Safaeian*Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Office of Research and Development, Vice Chancellery for Food and Drug, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0002-7811-3406Behzad ZolfaghariDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0001-7087-2590Mahmoud EtebariDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-2219-0602Hamidreza SharifiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-6583-8563Journal Article20200122<strong><span class="s17"><span class="bumpedFont20">Background and objectives:</span></span><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20"> </span></span></strong><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20">Allium </span></span><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20">elburzense</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> is an endemic plant in north of Iran with some nutritional and medicinal applications; however, there is no data on its safety profile. This study was aimed to investigate</span></span><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20"> </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20">cytotoxicity,</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> acute and sub-acute toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of </span></span><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20">A. </span></span><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20">elburzense</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> bulb. </span></span><strong><span class="s17"><span class="bumpedFont20">Methods:</span></span></strong><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"><strong> </strong>Total phenolic content of </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20">the extract </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20">was measured using </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20">Folin-Ciocalteu</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20">method</span></span><span class="s19"><span class="bumpedFont20">.</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> For</span></span><span class="s17"><span class="bumpedFont20"> </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20">cytotoxicity assay, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used. In acute toxicity study, single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered in female and male Wistar rats and they were monitored for two weeks. In sub-acute test, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of extract were orally administered for four weeks. </span></span><strong><span class="s17"><span class="bumpedFont20">Results:</span></span></strong><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> Total phenolic content was estimated as </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20">32.8 </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20">±</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> 2.5</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the extract. The extract showed IC</span></span><span class="s20"><span class="bumpedFont20">50</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> value of 366.4 µg/mL (95% CI = 246.4-566.1) in HUVECs after 24 h exposure. In acute study, there was no sign of toxicity and no mortality; however, significant increase in relative spleen weight and ALP activity and mild inflammation in kidney tissue were observed. LD</span></span><span class="s20"><span class="bumpedFont20">50</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> ˃ 2000 mg/kg was estimated for </span></span><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20">A. </span></span><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20">elburzense</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> bulb</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> extract. In sub-acute assay, there were significant elevations in relative spleen weight, blood urea level, AST, ALT, ALP, total WBC, lymphocyte and neutrophil count and significant decrease in blood sugar and triglyceride levels at higher doses of the extract. </span></span><strong><span class="s17"><span class="bumpedFont20">Conclusion:</span></span></strong><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20">Allium </span></span><span class="s18"><span class="bumpedFont20">elburzense</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> bulb</span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont20"> extract may be considered as safe at doses lower than 500 mg/kg in rats; however, assessment of liver and kidney functions is recommended during chronic uses.</span></span>https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_105936_929d7920a43542bbcf9285f6f5fdb86f.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Leishmanicidal Effects of Allium giganteum Saponin-Rich Fraction on Leishmania major778410626010.22127/rjp.2020.213216.1542ENAbbasali EskandarainDepartment of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Isfahan, Iran.0000000178361293Masoud Sadeghi DinaniDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0001-5565-3875Omid ChangizResearch Committee, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Science & Health Services, Isfahan, Iran.Simindokht Soleimanifard*Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0001-7621-4871Journal Article20200101<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Leishmaniasis is caused by the genus of <em>Leishmania</em> and is one of the important health problems worldwide. Serious side effects, the lack of effective vaccines and the emergence of drug resistance are the major weak points of leishmaniasis treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate leishmanicidal effects of <em>Allium giganteum</em> saponin rich fraction, natural compounds with history of antimicrobial properties, on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of <em>L. major</em> and macrophages cell line J774. <strong>Methods</strong>: The chloroform-methanol (9:1) extract of the flowers was fractionated by MPLC using an RP-18 column. The saponin-rich fraction was detected by TLC and H-NMR analyses and evaluated for leishmanicidal activity on <em>L. major</em> and macrophages cell line J774 using MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation.<strong> Results</strong>: At concentrations of 75, 100 and 150 μg/mL, over the time of 24 to 72 h, a significant decrease in the live parasite's rate was observed (p <0.05). At 200 μg/mL concentration, all parasites were killed and maximum leishmanicidal effect was observed. The IC<sub>50</sub>s for promastigotes and axenic amastigotes were 90.01 ± 13.42 μg/mL and 29.76±17.91 μg/mL, respectively; the value for the J774 macrophage cell line was 33.17±4 μg/mL. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of this study showed the significant leishmanicidal effect of saponin rich fraction from <em>Allium giganteum</em> on promastigote and axenic amastigote of <em>L. major</em> and macrophage cell line in vitro. Complementary in vivo studies for evaluating the effects of the fraction on leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice is recommended<strong>.</strong>https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_106260_16d4ecf8dcf3da3e6b394e8ffe0e0fb1.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44587320200701Evaluation of Anticancer and Neuroprotective Properties of Curcumin: a Network Analysis859210804110.22127/rjp.2020.221400.1561ENMohammad Rostami-NejadGastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2495-1831Mohammadreza RazzaghiLaser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Somayeh EsmaeiliTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-1140-0790Alireza ZaliFunctional Neurosurgery Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Majid Rezaei-TaviraniFiroozabadi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-6031-7278Mohammah Hossein HeidariProteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mostafa Rezaei-TaviraniProteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-1767-7475Mona Zamanian-Azodi*Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-1894-5021Nayebali AhmadiProteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2243-8276Journal Article20200226<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Curcumin as a medicinal substance has shown effective in different kinds of diseases especially cancer. To understand its underlying mechanism, molecular complementary study of differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) could assist. In this view, regulatory network analysis of DEMs of melanoma cancer treated with curcumin versus the untreated male <em>Mus musculus</em> was investigated in this study. <strong>Methods: </strong>Data was obtained from the database of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.At first, the log fold change (FC)≥ 2 was assigned for predicting a cut off for DEMs in the following study. GEO2R detected a number of 250 top significantly changed microRNAs based on the priority of the most statistically significant ones. These miRNAs were then explored for regulatory network analysis via Cytoscape softwarev.3.7.2 and its plug-ins. <strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that a number of 21 miRNAs were statistically significant with differential expression amounts. Regulatory network also identified important microRNAs of mmu-miR-199a, mmu-miR-199b, mmu-miR-21, mmu-miR-142-3p, mmu-miR-148a, mmu-miR-214 and genes of Pkp3, Usp19, Ercc4, Ttc25, Atp13a2, Akr1b7, Umod, Nup188, Imp3, and Tmem74b. The highest ranked hub was mmu-miR-199a, which had nine connections. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study offers new insights into the molecular mechanism of curcumin health benefits in melanoma cancer.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_108041_7b0612d689567369b3afbc9d94a4b55a.pdf