- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44583420161001Evaluating the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of some plants from Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad province, Iran1733321ENH. HajimehdipoorTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.L. AraTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.H. MoazzeniDepartment of Botany, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.S. EsmaeiliTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20160625<strong>Background and objectives:</strong>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Nowadays, many investigations are performed to find new drugs for AD and medicinal plants are considered as one of the most important sources for developing new drugs. According to the role of oxidant agents and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) in AD, plants with antioxidant and AChE inhibition properties could be good candidates for AD studies. In the present investigation, acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChEI) and antioxidant effects of some plants from Kohgiluye va Boyerahmad province of Iran have been determined. <br /><strong>Methods:</strong> The plants collected from Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad province (56 species) were extracted with methanol by using maceration method. AChEI activity of the extracts was determined using Ellman method in 96-well microplates. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and FRAP methods. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that aerial parts of <em>Amygdalus scoparia</em> had the highest AChEI effect (50% inhibition in concentration of 300 µg/mL). The plant also demonstrated suitable antioxidant effects. <em>Epilobium minutiflorum</em> found to be the most potent species for DPPH inhibition and reduction of ferric-TPTZ complex (IC<sub>50</sub> 3.6 µg/mL and FRAP value 335.0 mmol FeSO<sub>4</sub>.7H<sub>2</sub>O/100g Extract). <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our results confirmed that almost all species with AChEI activity showed to be effective as potent antioxidant agents.<br /> <strong> </strong>https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_33321_ec2cfafaf68665de5b91dcefd3f67bd8.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44583420161001Splenocyte proliferation, NK cell activation and cytokines production by extract of Scrophularia variegata; an in vitro study on mice spleen cells91533326ENA. AzadmehrImmunology Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.R. HajiaghaeeMedicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.A.T. Molla HassanDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.M. Jafari VesiehsariDepartment of Genetic, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.M. OladnabidozinGorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.Journal Article20160325<strong>Background and objectives:</strong><em>Scrophularia variegata </em>M. Beib. (Scrophulariaceae) is a medicinal plant, used for various inflammatory diseases in Iranian Traditional Medicine. In the present study, we evaluated the immune modulation and antioxidant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of<em> S. variegata</em>. <br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The splenocytes were harvested from the spleen of Balb/c mice and were cultured. The splenocyte proliferation, NK cell activity, cytokines production and antioxidant effects were evaluated by MTT assay, enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and DPPH assay, respectively. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>The <em>S. variegata </em>extract significantly increased splenocyte proliferation. The results indicated that the extract increased NK cell cytotoxicity of Yac-1 tumor cells and at the concentration of 50-200 µg/mL significantly increased IFN-γ and IL-2 cytokines, although the level of IL-4 cytokine was significantly reduced. The antioxidant activity was observed in the extract with IC<sub>50 </sub>302.34±0.11 μg/mL.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increasing in the splenocyte proliferation, anti-tumor NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion were indicated as potent immunomodulatory effects. These results suggest that <em>S. variegata </em>could be considered in the treatment of immunopathological disorders such as allergy and cancer; however, future studies are necessary.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_33326_e540f1ff303c6d751b00f718124ef987.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44583420161001Analysis of volatiles and 18S rRNA gene of Haplophyllum canaliculatum in in vitro cultures172533332ENM. NikbakhtPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.A. GholamiDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.M.H. MorowvatPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Y. GhasemiPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.A. MohagheghzadehPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Journal Article20160710<strong>Background and objectives</strong>:<em> </em><em>Haplophyllum canaliculatum </em>isan endemicand endangeredIranian plant from Rutaceae family. The object of this work was to study the volatile production in established shoot and callus cultures of <em>Haplophyllum canaliculatum</em> as well as isolation, identification and sequencing of 18S rRNA gene from callus culture. <br /><strong>Methods: </strong>Shoot and callus cultures of <em>H. canaliculatum</em> were established from seedlings and shoot cultures, respectively. Both cultures were transferred to MS medium supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid (α-NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (Kn). Volatiles from fresh callus and shoot cultures were extracted and analyzed by GC/MS. For 18S rRNA gene study, DNA content was extracted using PCR procedure. The study of sequence similarities was performed using NCBI database and GeneDoc software. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> GC/MS analysis of <em>H. canaliculatum </em>showed that shoot cultures mainly contained piperitone (10.92%), and β-caryophyllene (12.67%) in addition to three alkaloids, while calli cultures of <em>H. canaliculatum</em> mainly contained methylated salicylate (31.55%), alkane structures like tetradecane (24.31%) and hexadecane (12.95%). Gene analysis showed 98% homology with certain species of Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Simaroubaceae, Burseraceae and Cneoraceae.<strong> Conclusions: </strong>Our results showed that the hydrocarbon in addition to methyl salicylate biosynthetic pathway in calli cultures and terpene as well as alkaloid biosynthetic pathway were active in <em>H. canaliculatum </em>shoot cultures. Moreover, the obtained sequences could be used as a “DNA barcoding” tool through the concept of one sequence one species for the practical identification of this species.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_33332_8f78a656fa8fa55cfba756769f5699dc.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44583420161001Salvia macrosiphon seeds and seed oil: pharmacognostic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties273733342ENA. HamediMedicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.A. JamshidzadehMedicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.S. AhmadiStudent Research Committee, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.M. SohrabpourMedicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.M.M. ZarshenasMedicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Journal Article20160225<strong>Background and objectives:</strong>Wild Sage(<em>Salvia macrosiphon</em> Boiss.) known as “<em>Marvak</em>” in Persian is one of the polymorphic and abundant plants of Lamiaceae. The plants whole seeds usually soaked or boiled in hot water are widely used for inflammatory ailments in folk medicine. Documents have shown that there is scant information on the chemical constituents of this plant seeds. The current study was carried out to assess the phytochemical constituents of <em>Salvia macrosiphon </em>seeds as well as anti-inflammatory activities. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: The seed oil extracted via a Soxhlet extractor was subjected to pharmacognostic assays using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of fatty acids and sterols as well as evaluation of the possible anti-inflammatory activities in rats. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Total ash, acid insoluble and water soluble ash values were determined as 51.67±7.53, 10.00±0.02 and 30.01±5.01 mg/g, respectively. HPTLC assessment revealed the presence of different steroids, triterpenes and fatty acids. Amount of sterols in oil was found 2.44, 24.92 and 4.60 mg/g for esterified β-sitosterol, free β-sitosterol and free stigmasterol<strong>,</strong> respectively. The α-linolenic acid (77.69±6.10%) was the principal fatty acid. Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the seed oil showed low activity in the early phase of formalin test; however, could not significantly inhibit the neutrophil-induced damage by reducing MPO activity in the paws of the rat. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The seed oil did not exhibit satisfactory effects on acute inflammation in this study but considering the rich phytosterols content, the seed and its oil can be introduced as useful dietary supplements.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_33342_9c8ee5e7086c4713d50c9f3c8efea503.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44583420161001Neuroprotection and anxiety like behavior reduction of Allium hirtifolium and Astragalus hamosus in the Aβ-injected rat394933354ENZ. BahaeddinTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.A. YansNeuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.F. KhodagholiNeurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.S. SahranavardTraditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20160625<strong>Background and objectives:</strong>Traditional medicine is an important approach to achieve new therapeutic strategies in basic and clinical pharmacology. <em>Allium hirtifolium</em> Boiss. and <em>Astragalus hamosus</em> L. have been mentioned in Iranian Traditional Medicine references for a kind of dementia with features and symptoms similar to those of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of these herbs has been evaluated as new therapies in neurotoxicity model. <br /><strong>Methods: </strong>Two separate groups of rats were fed with <em>A. hirtifolium</em> or <em>A. hamosus</em> extract (100 mg/kg/day) from 1 week before amyloid beta (Aβ) injection, for 16 consecutive days. One day after the last oral administration, behavioral test was done. The effect of these two extracts were assessed in anxiety-like behavior test using elevated plus maze. Furthermore, molecular pathways involved in apoptosis were assessed by Western blotting analysis. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that oral administration of both <em>A. hirtifolium</em> and <em>A. hamosus</em> decreased anxiety-like behavior and ameliorated the effect on apoptosis factors including Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the rats with intra-hippocampal injection of Aβ. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of this study revealed the potential neuroprotective properties of<em> A. hirtifolium</em> and <em>A. hamosus</em> as herbal remedies that could play a role in fostering healthy aging and be considered as useful candidates in decreasing AD related symptoms.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_33354_213b2677a3cbed74b0bed830b8054dc4.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44583420161001Chemical composition and antibacterial properties of Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis and Trachyspermum ammi essential oils alone and in combination with nisin515833358ENT. MehdizadehDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran.M.S. HashemzadehApplied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A. NazarizadehDepartment of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.M. Neyriz-NaghadehiDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Veterinary Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran.M. TatApplied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. M. GhalavandApplied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.R. DorostkarApplied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20160325<strong>Background and objectives:</strong>Plant essential oils are sometimes considered for use as antimicrobial agents in foods and medicines and they could be combined with other antimicrobial agents to strengthen the effect and/or reduce the required dose. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the <em>Ocimum basilicum</em>, <em>Salvia officinalis</em> and <em>Trachyspermum ammi</em> essential oils and evaluate their antibacterial efficiency, alone and in combination with nisin, against <em>Escherichia coli</em> <em>O 157</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. <br /><strong>Methods:</strong> The chemical composition of three essential oils (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em>, <em>Salvia officinalis</em> and <em>Trachyspermum ammi</em>) were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Further, their antibacterial properties and the synergistic effect of the combination of three essential oils and nisin were also assessed against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. The antibacterial activity was determined by evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by broth dilution method in 96-well microplates. The synergistic effects were tested by the checkerboard method and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was calculated. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The major components of <em>O. basilicum</em>, <em>S. officinalis</em> and <em>T. ammi</em> were linalool (35.99%), 1,8-cineole (22.91%) and <em>p</em>-Cymene (35.5%), respectively. In general, all of the essential oils as well as nisin exerted more considerable antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative one. The essential oil of <em>T. ammi</em> showed the highest activity against <em>S. aureus</em> with MIC (≤0.078 mg/mL) and MBC (≤0.156 mg/mL). The combined application showed synergistic activity against <em>E. coli</em> but no change in activity was observed against <em>S. aureus</em>. The most synergistic effect was observed for the combination of nisin and <em>S. officinalis</em> (FIC 0.03). <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: It can be concluded that nisin could enhance the antibacterial potential of the essential oils. https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_33358_5ae667a5e2731161fbf005836e0d6962.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44583420161001Evaluation of anti-malarial activity of Artemisia turcomanica and A. kopetdaghensis by cell-free β-hematin formation assay596533359ENM. MojarrabPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.S.A. EmamiDepertment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Sh. GheibiPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.A.M. TalebDepartment of Pharmacogenesis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.F. Heshmati AfsharDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20160225<strong>Background and objectives:</strong>The plants of genus <em>Artemisia</em> (Asteraceae) have been conventionally used for prevention and medication of a number of ailments. In the present research, ten extracts with different polarities from aerial parts of two <em>Artemisia</em> species, <em>A. kopetdaghensis</em> and <em>A. turcomanica</em> were evaluated for their potential anti-malarial properties. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: The plant materials were extracted successively with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAC), ethanol, and ethanol-water (1:1 v/v) by cold maceration method. Cell free <em>β</em>-hematin formation assay were used for assessing anti-malarial activity of obtained extracts. <br /><strong>Results</strong><em>:</em> DCM extract of <em>A. kopetdaghensis</em> and PE extract of <em>A. turcomanica</em> showed remarkable anti-malarial activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.04±0.02 mg/mL and 0.90±0.27 mg/mL, respectively, compared to positive control (chloroquine, IC<sub>50</sub> 0.04±0.01 mg/mL). <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that the anti-malarial activity of these extracts might be bound up with the presence of compounds with low or medium polarity; hence, this preliminary test indicated that these potent extracts could be considered for further investigations to find new sources of anti-malarial phytochemicals. https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_33359_d8974ea8e6e767f9b0a4728f10d5c13b.pdf- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Journal of Pharmacognosy2345-44583420161001The effect of 60Co-gamma radio-sterilization on Boswellia carterii essential oil composition677433360ENP. BadrPhytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.S. DaneshamouzDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Department of Phytopharmaceautical (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.A.A. MohammadiBurn Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.A.R. AkbarizadehDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.S. AfsharypuorDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article20160425<strong>Background and objectives</strong><strong>:</strong>Gamma-irradiation is used vastly for both decontamination and sterilization of natural products; but these high-energy rays can affect heat-sensitive essential oils. <br /><strong>Methods:</strong> The oleo-gum-resin of <em>Boswellia carterii</em> (Burseraceae) was sterilized by γ-irradiation at dose 30 KGy. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of non-irradiated <em>Boswellia</em> (NIB) and irradiated <em>Boswellia</em> (IB) were analyzed by GC/MS and the changes were compared. The structure of octyl acetate as the major component and marker of <em>B. carterii</em> was confirmed by MS/MS. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> Twenty-five compounds comprising 99.55% of NIB oil and nineteen compounds comprising 98.61% of IB oil were identified. Major constituents which were common for both oils were octyl acetate (52.67 % in NIB, 76.51 % in IB), 1-octanol (6.37 % in NIB, 5.19 % in IB), duva-4, 8, 13-triene-1,3α diol (5.52 % in NIB, 3.94 % in IB), verticiol (13.63 % in NIB) and verticillane type diterpene (5.4 % in IB) they made up 78.19% and 91.04% of NIB and IB, respectively. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Gamma irradiation was an efficient method for sterilization of <em>Boswellia carterii</em> oleo-gum resin, but it resulted in change in the essential oil composition particularly octyl acetate changed from 52.67% to 76.51%.https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_33360_26162efd3daffc0c0418698d55c6d4ee.pdf