- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
2345-4458
2345-5977
4
3
2017
07
01
Chemical constituents of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit in populations of central Alborz Mountains in Iran
1
12
EN
A.
Kuhkheil
Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
H.
Naghdi Badi
Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
A.
Mehrafarin
Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
V.
Abdossi
Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
<strong>Background and objectives: </strong><em>Hippophae rhamnoides</em> L. known as sea buckthorn is a deciduous medicinal shrub belonging to Elaeagnaceae family<strong>. </strong>In this study, the most important chemical constituents of sea buckthornwere evaluated in wild populations of central Alborz Mountains in Iran during the growth season of 2014 and 2015. <strong>Methods:</strong> Phytochemical analysis of fruit pulp and seed oil traits was performed using different methods of chromatography such as spectrophotometry, HPLC and GC. <strong>Results:</strong> Based on the results of combined analysis of variance, significant (<em>p</em>≤0.01) difference ranges between populations were found in respect to fruit dry weight (21.32 to 32.03%), total phenolic compounds (20.78 to 34.60 mg/g), extractable tannin (1.99 to 5.74 mg/g), glucose (38.14 to 110.70 mg/g), total carotenoids (0.80 to 1.17 mg/g), lycopene (0.13 to 0.20 mg/g), <em>β</em>-carotene (0.18 to 0.26 mg/g), total flavonoids (0.98 to 2.80 mg/g), total soluble solids (TSS) (11.85 to 31.50%), vitamin C (1.47 to 8.96 mg/g), seed oil content (4.51 to 7.91%), and two major unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic acid (28.71 to 37.44%) and linolenic acid (21.52 to 28.28%). Factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) revealed most important traits with the highest correlation factor such as vitamin C, carbohydrates, TSS, fruit dry weight (FDW), and tannin for the first component. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: content of vitamin C was the main variable in chemical constituents for effective detection of original wild populations of central Alborz Mountains. Accordingly, sea buckthorn populations were divided into four main clusters and groups with high diversity based on their chemical compositions.
chemotypes,GC,Hippophae rhamnoides L,HPLC,Vitamin C
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47336.html
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47336_83236b36ccb37ddc663adfd0c98e83b2.pdf
- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
2345-4458
2345-5977
4
3
2017
07
01
Anticonvulsant studies on a traditional antiepileptic mixture used by the Hausa people of north-western Nigeria
13
19
EN
U.H.
Danmalam
Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
A.
Agunu
Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
E.M.
Abdurahman
Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
N.
Ilyas
Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
M.G.
Magaji
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
A.H.
Yaro
Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano-Nigeria.
<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The use of herbal drugs in the treatment of many neurological disorders is gaining popularity in developing countries due to their fewer unwanted side effects, affordability and cultural acceptability. A mixture of three plants roots <em>Calotropis procera</em> (Asclepediaceae), <em>Combretum micranthum </em>(Combretaceae) and <em>Ficus abutilifolia </em>(Moraceae) has been reported in Hausa traditional treatment of epilepsy. We have reported the evaluation of the acute toxicity and anticonvulsant activity of the ethanol extract of this mixture. <strong>Methods: </strong>The intra-peritoneal medial lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of the aqueous ethanol extract of the mixture as well as its anticonvulsive activity against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), 4-amino pyridine (4-AMP) and maximum electric shock (MES) were evaluated.<strong> Results: </strong>The mixture at the doses of 25 to 100 mg/kg could not afford a significant protection to mice against PTZ and 4-AMP; however, it significantly delayed the mean onset and reduced the mean recovery time of the animals at the tested doses in 4-AMP test (<em>p</em><0.05). Furthermore, it afforded a dose-depended protection to one-day-old cockerels against MES. The LD<sub>50 </sub>of the extract in albino mice was estimated to be greater than 1000 mg/kg. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggest some level of protection by the extract of the traditional mixture against MES-induced seizure in chicks, thereby giving support to the traditional claim for its application in the treatment and/or management of convulsion and epilepsy.<br />
anticonvulsant,Epilepsy,traditional medicine
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47339.html
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47339_cf558b4bf75476aefc32665712954ee2.pdf
- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
2345-4458
2345-5977
4
3
2017
07
01
Essential oil diversity and molecular characterization of Ephedra species using RAPD analysis
21
27
EN
M.
Ehtesham-Gharaee
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
B.A.
Hoseini
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
M.
Hassanzadeh Khayyat
Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
S.A.
Emami
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J.
Asili
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
A.
Shakeri
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
M.
Hassani
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
A.
Ansari
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
S.
Arabzadeh
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J.
Kasaian
Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
J.
Behravan
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The genus <em>Ephedra</em> (Ephedraceae) consists of about 40 species of mostly shrubs and rarely small trees around the world. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) diversity and genetic relationships were investigated in six <em>Ephedra</em> species from Iran using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. <strong>Methods: </strong>Theplants were collected from two different provinces; Azarbayjan (north-west) and Khorasan (north-east) of Iran. The EOs were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The DNA was extracted from the aerial parts of the plants using a Qiagen Dneasy Plant Mini Kit. Amplification was performed using decamer RAPD primers<strong>. Results: </strong>A total of 187 bands were scored and used for the analysis of genetic distances. Genetic distance values ranged from 0.25 to 0.95.The analysis showed the highest genetic diversity (25%) between <em>E. foliata </em>with other species. <em>Ephedra foliata </em>formed a distinct group.<em> Ephedra strobilacea </em>was found to be the most similar to <em>E. sarcocarpa </em>(male).<strong>Conclusion</strong>: High genetic and EO diversity was demonstrated in this genus which should be further studied in order to make more efficient use of the species and considering relevant conservation programs.
DNA amplification,Ephedra,Essential oil,Genetic distance,RAPD markers
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47346.html
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47346_1b51f76c5be549428d0197355bee1ffe.pdf
- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
2345-4458
2345-5977
4
3
2017
07
01
Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for the management of pediatric ailments in Kano State, Nigeria
29
39
EN
U.S.
Abubakar
Bioresources Development Centre, Kano, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja, Nigeria.
K.M.
Yusuf
Bioresources Development Centre, Kano, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja, Nigeria.
G.T.
Abdu
Bioresources Development Centre, Kano, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja, Nigeria.
S.R.
Saidu
Bioresources Development Centre, Kano, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja, Nigeria.
G.A.
Jamila
Bioresources Development Centre, Kano, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja, Nigeria.
A.
Fatima
Bioresources Development Centre, Kano, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja, Nigeria.
<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The knowledge of traditional uses of plant species used in the management of pediatric diseases in Kano State is still intact with the traditional healers; thus, the present study was aimed to collect, identify and document plant species used traditionally for the management of pediatric diseases in the study area. <strong>Methods: </strong>The ethnobotanical data was collected through informal interviews with the traditional medicine practitioners, traditional birth attendants, herb sellers and some health workers. <strong>Results:</strong> A total number of sixty eight plant species belonging to thirty five families were reported to be used in the disease management among children in the study area. Most of the plants species belonged to the Fabaceae, Poaceae, Anarcadiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae and Solanaceae families, while <em>Anogeissus leiocarpus</em>, <em>Boswellia dalzielii</em> and <em>Citrus sinensis</em> were the most frequently mentioned plant species. Leaves and stem bark were the most used plant parts in this study. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the pharmacological activities of the plant species that have not yet been investigated and also to identify the phytochemical constituents responsible for their activities.
Ethnopharmacology,Kano State,pediatric diseases,Phytochemical constituents
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47358.html
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47358_3924f4c3100fdceedb67529d97a9d542.pdf
- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
2345-4458
2345-5977
4
3
2017
07
01
Variation in chemical components and biological activity of Pterocarya fraxinifolia Lam. stems at different developmental stages
41
50
EN
M.
Akhbari
Essential Oils Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
S.
Tavakoli
Essential Oils Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
S.M.
Hosseinizadeh
Essential Oils Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
E.
Vatankhah
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
A.
Hadjiakhoondi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
M.
Vazirian
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
<strong>Background and objectives: </strong><em>Pterocarya fraxinifolia</em> Lam. is a deciduous, fast-growing tree from walnut family. The stem barks and fruits of the plant have been used as diaphoretic in traditional medicine. Variation in the quantity and quality of the essential oil and extract of stems of the plant at different developmental stages was evaluated in addition to assessing the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and radical scavenging activities in the present study. <strong>Methods:</strong> Different developmental stages of the plant’s stem (i.e. vegetative, flowering, immature fruit and mature fruit) were subjected to hydro-distillation for obtaining the essential oil. The methanol extract of the samples was obtained by Soxhlet apparatus. Chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Antimicrobial activity of the oils and extracts were determined against three Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi by disc diffusion method. Antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene assays. Total phenolics content of extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and cytotoxic effect was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. <strong>Results:</strong> Hexadecanoic acid was one of the major components in all essential oil samples. All samples showed good antimicrobial activity against tested strains. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was comparable to the synthetic standard (butylated hydroxytoluene). The highest total phenolic content and cytotoxic effect were detected for the mature fruit stage of the plant extract and essential oil, respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Showing considerable antioxidant and cytotoxic effects, suggested the plant as a good candidate for further investigations.<br />
Antimicrobial activity,Antioxidant activity,Cytotoxic effect,Essential oil,Pterocarya fraxinifolia
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47365.html
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47365_d6923f144726005eab67a9c166c0fb26.pdf
- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
2345-4458
2345-5977
4
3
2017
07
01
In vitro antileishmanial activity and apoptosis induction of Pleurotus ostreatus alcoholic extract on Leishmania major
51
58
EN
P.
Ramezani
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
S.H.
Hejazi
Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
M.
Narimani
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
S.
Soleimanifard
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Leishmaniasis is caused by the genus <em>Leishmania</em>. Medications such as antimony compounds for the treatment of the disease are associated with limitations along with several side effects and disease recurrence; thus, evaluation of natural compounds with history of antimicrobial properties such as <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em>, is of a great importance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apoptotic and leishmanicidal effects of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> alcoholic extract on <em>Leishmania major </em>promastigote <em>in vitro.</em> <strong>Methods:</strong> Different concentrations of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> extract (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μg/mL) were tested at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h on <em>Leishmania major</em> (MRHO/IR/75/ER) promastigotes. The leishmanicidal effects were determined using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazolyl- 2)-2,5-diphenyle tetrazolium bromide] assay. Also, apoptosis induction was measured by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis. <strong>Results:</strong>The MTT results showed that leishmanicidal effect of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> extract was dependent to extract concentration in a way that the lowest number of live promastigotes was obtained after treatment with 200 μg/mL of extract preparation at 72 h. The IC<sub>50</sub> of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> extract was 160±2 μg/mL. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the extract could induce apoptosis in promastigotes at its IC<sub>50</sub>. Also, the result of gel electrophoresis showed that DNA fragmentation of treated promastigotes at the same concentration. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicated that <em>Pleurotus ostreatus </em>alcoholic extract have a strong toxic effect on cultivated <em>Leishmania</em> parasites. Based on these results <em>in vivo</em> studies using rodent models and human cutaneous leishmaniasis CL is recommended.
Apoptosis,Flow Cytometry,Leishmania Major,MTT,Pleurotus ostreatus
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47377.html
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47377_a775926c8d403f1504c1bb5eed968878.pdf
- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
2345-4458
2345-5977
4
3
2017
07
01
Antibacterial effects of Quercus Brantii fruits and Stachys lavandulifolia methanol extracts on imipenemase-type metallo-beta lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa
59
66
EN
F.
Shahi
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
A.
Hashemi
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Kh.
Abdolmaleki
Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Z.
Shahi
Department of Operation Room, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Sh.
Amraei
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
H.
Goudarzi
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
F.
Fallah
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
S.
Khoshnood
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
<strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Metallobeta-lactamase production is one of the most important mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of <em>Stachys lavandulifolia </em>and<em> Quercus brantii</em> on the IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study was performed on burn patients between January 2015 and November 2015. Susceptibility to the antibiotics and methanol extracts were evaluated by broth microdilution and disc diffusion methods. MBL-producing <em>P. aeruginosa </em>was detected by Combination Disk Diffusion Test (CDDT). The <em>bla</em> (VIM) and <em>bla</em> (IMP) genes detection were performed by PCR and sequencing methods. <strong>Results: </strong>Forty eight (57.9%) of 83 <em>P. aeruginosa </em>strains were resistant to imipenem and were <em>bla</em>IMP-1 genes positive, whereas none were <em>bla</em> (VIM) genes positive. In the hospitalized patients with MBL-producing <em>Pseudomonas</em> infection, the mortality rate was 4.48 (8.3%). It was found that <em>S. lavandulifolia</em> extract showed a high antibacterial effect on regular and IMP-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains at the concentration of 0.625 mg/mL, but <em>Q. Brandy</em> extract showed no antibacterial effect in the tested concentration. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In burn patientsMBL-producing<em> P. aeruginosa </em>has been found in high incidence. Detection of this <em>pseudomonas</em> and determination of drug resistance pattern is very important. The methanol extract of <em>S. lavandulifolia</em> showed suitable effects on MBL-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> <em>in vitro</em>; therefore, it could be suggested for further studies against carbapenem resistant <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates.
metallo-beta-lactamases,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Quercus brantii,Stachys lavandulifolia
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47382.html
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47382_e668e7072f0d17ab7126f5e810d07744.pdf
- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
2345-4458
2345-5977
4
3
2017
07
01
A critical comparison between dosage forms in traditional Persian pharmacy and those reported in current pharmaceutical sciences
67
74
EN
M.
Baranifard
Department of Phytopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
M.M.
Khazaei
Department of Phytopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
S.
Jamshidi
Department of Phytopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
M.M.
Zarshenas
Department of Phytopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
A.
Zargaran
Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
There were many natural pharmaceutical dosage forms cited by Persian pharmacists and physicians in the historical pharmacopeias (<em>Qarabadins</em>). This work aimed to perform a comprehensive study on “<em>Qarābādin-e-Sālehi</em>” (1765 A.D.), one of the main Persian pharmaceutical manuscripts defining traditional dosage forms. All traditional dosage forms as well as their definitions, descriptions and considerations were extracted by reviewing “<em>Qarābādin-e-Sālehi”</em>. Then, the textbook of “Aulton's Pharmaceutics; the design and manufacture of medicines” was considered to compare the medieval knowledge of pharmaceutics with current ones. Overall, there were 226 different dosage forms which have been cited in traditional Persian pharmacy. Since many of them were related to the preparation method, the final list of dosage form was shortened to nearly 60 items including solid, semisolid, liquid and gaseous forms. On the other hand, almost 40 forms with oral, topical, nasal, parenteral, vaginal and rectal routes of administration are mentioned as current dosage forms. Some of the dosage forms are similar or as the same in traditional and current pharmacy. But, there were too many novel dosage forms in traditional Persian pharmacy. There were 11 types of traditional nasal forms whereas, this route is still known as a novel route of administration. Also 5 different ophthalmic dosage forms have been cited in the textbook. Many of traditional dosage forms were designed according to the medical purposes. Several current dosage forms have roots in the historical definitions and can be found in Persian medicine. However, there are forgotten traditional dosage forms which can be modified and optimized in pharmacy nowadays.
dosage form,Persian medicine,pharmaceutics,traditional medicine
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47389.html
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_47389_dde113d4b1f2e49b6d3954f8f0ed9ef1.pdf