ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Allergic contact dermatitis by Boswellia carterii ointment in a deep 2nd degree burn wound: a case report
Numerous scientific texts insist on safe topical application of specific herbal products like those containing Boswellia oleogumresin, but adverse effects arising during clinical trials of herbal medicines give the opportunity to clarify the blind spots in the area of drug safety. A 36-year-old woman without allergic background had two burn wounds because of hot oil. Her hand's wound was diagnosed a superficial 2nd degree while the wound of her thigh was a deep 2nd degree. She was enrolled in a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Having been recruited in the Boswellia group, she received the formulation on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th day after her injury. The wound of her hand was completely healed on the 13th day without showing any adverse reactions, but she was suffering from irritation and pruritus on her thigh. In our experience, complete healing of the patient’s hand wound without any side effects proved safe usage of the product for superficial burns, but its application in deeper injuries like the one on her thigh demonstrated the higher probability of severe reactions.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54407_0d5536d2b8723959665291297ead5277.pdf
2018-01-01
1
3
allergic contact dermatitis
Burn wound
Boswellia carterii
P.
Badr
1
Phytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.A.
Mohammadi*
2
Shiraz Burn Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Daneshamouz
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Afsharypuor
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Ayaz
5
Shiraz Burn Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Togni S, Maramaldi G, Bonetta A, Giacomelli L, Di Pierro F. Clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of Boswellia-based cream for prevention of adjuvant radiotherapy skin damage in mammary carcinoma: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015; 19(8): 1338-1344.
1
[2] Togni S, Maramaldi G, Di Pierro F, Biondi M. A cosmeceutical formulation based on boswellic acids for the treatment of erythematous eczema and psoriasis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014; 7: 321-327.
2
[3] Sultana A, Rahman Kh, Padmaja AR, Rahman Sh. Boswellia serrata Rox. A traditional herb with versatile pharmacological activity: a review. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res. 2013; 4(6): 2106-2117.
3
[4] Badr P, Daneshamouz S, Mohammadi AA, Akbarizadeh AR, Afsharypuor S. The effect of 60Co-gamma radio-sterilization on Boswellia carterii essential oil composition. Res J Pharmacogn. 2016; 3(4): 67-74.
4
[5] Moussaieff A, Mechoulam R. Boswellia resin: from religious ceremonies to medical uses; a review of in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical trials. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009; 61(10): 1281-1293.
5
[6] Wichtl M. Teedrogen und phytopharmaka. 5th ed. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2009.
6
[7] Acebo E, Raton JA, Sautua S, Eizaguirre X, Trebol I, Perez JLD. Allergic contact dermatitis from Boswellia serrata extract in a naturopathic cream. Contact Derm. 2004; 51(2): 91-92.
7
[8] Calapai G, Miroddi M, Minciullo PL, Caputi AP, Gangemi S, Schmidt RJ. Contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used European herbal medicinal products-part 1: Achillea millefolium–Curcuma longa. Contact Derm. 2014; 71(1): 1-12.
8
[9] Bleasel N, Tate B, Rademaker M. Allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to essential oils. Australas J Dermatol. 2002; 43(3): 211-213.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inhibition test of heme detoxification (ITHD) as an approach for detecting antimalarial agents in medicinal plants
Background and objectives: There are several methods to assess the in vitro capability of heme inhibitory activity of antimalarial compounds; most of them require some specific equipment or toxic substances and sometimes the needed materials are not accessible. Regarding the necessity and importance of optimizing and standardizing experimental conditions, the present study has intended to improve the in vitro assessment conditions of the β-hematin formation inhibitory activity for screening herbal samples. Methods: Hemin, tween 20, and samples (9:9:2) were incubated in different conditions including: hemin concentration (30, 60, and 120 µg/mL), duration (4, 24, 48, and 72 h), pH of buffer (3.6, 4, 4.4, 4.8, and 5), and temperature (37 and 60 °C) in 96-well plates. Also, a total of 165 plant extracts and fractions were tested in the most suitable conditions. Results: The reaction time and the incubation temperature were determined as the critical factors. The effective conditions for β-hematin formation were found to be 60 °C after 24 h incubation. In this method, proper correlations with respect to negative (69%) and positive (67%) predictive values were obtained in comparison with the anti-plasmodial assay. Antimalarial activities of Pistacia atlantica, Myrtus communis, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, and Satureja mutica were found to correlate significantly with inhibition of the heme detoxification assay. Conclusion: These results support a rapid, simple and reliable approach for selecting and identifying a number of herbs for further related antimalaria investigations.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54412_9061585c5b11319bd1a7e4e7eee34e5a.pdf
2018-01-01
5
11
Fever
heme detoxification
Iranian traditional medicine
Malaria
M.
Mosaddegh
1
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Irani
2
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Esmaeili*
3
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] World Health Organization. Fact Sheet: World Malaria Report. [Accessed 2017]. Available from: http://www.who.int/malaria/media/world-malaria-report-2016/en/.
1
[2] Krugliak M, Zhang F, Ginsburg H. Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum utilizes only a fraction of the amino acids derived from the digestion of host cell cytosol for the biosynthesis of its proteins. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2002; 119(2): 249-256.
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[3] Schmitt TH, Frezzatti WA, Schreier S. Hemin-induced lipid membrane disorder and increased permeability: a molecular model for the mechanism of cell lysis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993; 307(1): 96-103.
3
[4] Slater AF, Cerami A. Inhibition by chloroquine of a novel heme polymerase enzyme activity in malaria trophozoites. Nature. 1992; 355(6356): 167-169.
4
[5] Campanale N, Nickel C, Daubenberger CA, Wehlan DA, Gorman JJ, Klonis N, Becker K, Tilley L. Identification and characterization of heme-interacting proteins in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278(30): 27354-27361.
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[6] Kumar S, Guha M, Choubey V. Antimalarial drugs inhibiting hemozoin (β-hematin) formation: a mechanistic update. Life Sci. 2007; 80(9): 813-828.
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[7] Sullivan DJ, Gluzman IY, Russell DG, Goldberg DE. On the molecular mechanism of chloroquine’s antimalarial action. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1996; 93(21): 11865-11870.
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[8] Slater AF, Swiggard WJ, Orton BR, Flitter WD, Goldberg DE, Cerami A, Henderson GB. An iron-carboxylate bond links the heme units of malaria pigment. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1991; 88(2): 325-329.
8
[9] Blauer G, Akkawi M. On the preparation of β- haematin. Biochem J. 2000; 346(2): 249-250.
9
[10] Deharo E, Garcia RN, Oporto P, Gimenez A, Sauvain M, Jullian V, Ginsburg H. A non-radiolabelled ferriprotoporphyrin IX biomineralisation inhibition test for the high throughput screening of antimalarial compounds. Exp Parasitol. 2002; 100(4): 252–256.
10
[11] Tripathi AK, Khan SI, Walker LA, Tekwani BL. Spectrophotometric determination of de novo hemozoin/beta-hematin formation in an in vitro assay. Anal Biochem. 2004; 325(1): 85-91.
11
[12] Ncokazi KK, Egan TJ. A colorimetric high-throughput betahematin inhibition screening assay for use in the search for antimalarial compounds. Anal Biochem. 2005; 338(2): 306-319.
12
[13] Kurosawa Y, Dorn A, Kitsuji-Shirane M, Shimada H, Satoh T, Matile H, Hofheinz W, Masciadri R, Kansy M, Ridley RG. Hematin polymerization assay as a high-throughput screen for identification of new antimalarial pharmacophores. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000; 44(10): 2638-2644.
13
[14] Huy NT, Uyen DT, Maeda A, Xuan Trang DT, Oida T, Harada S, Kamei K. Simple colorimetric inhibition assay of heme crystallization for high throughput screening of antimalarial compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007; 51(1): 350-353.
14
[15] Esmaeili S, Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M, Sahranavard Sh, Ghafari S, Noor Rain A. Screening of anti-plasmodial properties among some traditionally used Iranian plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 121(3): 400-404.
15
[16] Naghibi F, Ghafari S, Esmaeili S, Jenett-Siems K. Naghibione a novel sesquiterpenoid with anti-plasmodial effect from Dorema hyrcanum Koso-Pol. root, a plant used in traditional medicine. Iran J Pharm Res. 2015; 14(3): 961-968.
16
[17] Vargas S, Ndjoko Ioseta K, Hayb AE, Ioseta JR, Wittlinc S, Hostettmanna K. Screening medicinal plants for the detection of novel antimalarial products applying the inhibition of β-hematin formation. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011; 56(5): 880-886.
17
[18] Chen M, Theander TG, Christensen SB, Hviid L, Zhai L, Kharazmil A. Licochalcone A, a new antimalarial agent, inhibits in vitro growth of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and protects mice from P. yoelii infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994; 38(7): 1470-1475.
18
[19] Orhan I, Aslan M, Sener B, Kaiserb M, Tasdemir D. In vitro antiprotozoal activity of the lipophilic extracts of different parts of Turkish Pistacia vera L. Phytomedicine. 2006; 13(9-10): 735-739.
19
[20] Adams M, Plitzko I, Kaiser M, Brun R, Hamburger M. HPLC-profiling for anti-plasmodial compounds -3-methoxycarpachromene from Pistacia atlantica. Phytochem Lett. 2009; 2(4): 159-162.
20
[21] Milhaua G, Valentina A, Benoita F, Mallie M, Bastide JM, Pelissier Y, Bessiere JM. In vitro antimalarial activity of eight essential oils. J Essent Oil Res. 1997; 9(3): 329-333.
21
[22] Naghibi F, Esmaeili S, Noor Rain A, Nateghpour M, Taghvai M, Kamkar S, Mosaddegh M. In vitro and in vivo antimalarial evaluations of myrtle extract, a plant traditionally used for treatment of parasitic disorders. Bio Med Res Int. 2013; Article ID 316185.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Acute and sub-chronic toxicological evaluation of ethanol extract of Solanum trilobatum Linn.
Background and objectives: Solanum trilobatum plant parts such as berries and flowers are normally used for the treatment of respiratory illnesses. The toxicity profile of the plant and its parts are not clear. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate the toxicological effects of ethanol extract of leaves of S. trilobatum (EEST) using acute and sub-chronic toxicological methods in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Method: Leaves ofS. trilobatum were extracted with ethanol using hot percolation method. Acute and sub-chronic oral toxic effects of EEST were tested in SD rats. Acute toxicity testing was carried out as per guidelines set by OECD. In sub-chronic toxicity testing, animals were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg EEST for 30 days. During the study, the animals were monitored for changes in their behaviour at regular intervals. At the end of the study, blood sample was collected from all animals for biochemical analysis, they were sacrificed and organs such as brain, lung, liver and kidney were collected for histopathological analysis. Part of the brain was used for estimation of dopamine and the remaining tissue was used for histopathological analysis. Results: In acute toxicity testing, EEST did not show mortality up to 2000 mg/kg. In sub-chronic toxicity testing, EEST at 200 mg/kg and above doses caused cannibalism. At the end of the study, EEST decreased locomotor action and immobilization time. Histopathological analysis showed mild to moderate toxicity in 400 mg/kg treated animals and no significant changes were observed in biochemical parameters compared to control group. Conclusion: The present study concluded that, EEST exerted mild to moderate toxic effects on rodents. EEST caused cannibalism, increased the dopamine level in brain and histopathological alterations in lungs, liver and kidneys.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54419_c4e4733302e9e12f42771a6e43cf4f43.pdf
2018-01-01
13
21
cannibalism
locomotor activity
Solanum trilobatum
Sprague-Dawley rats
Toxicity
S.
Parasuraman*
1
Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
L.
Yu Ren
2
Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
B.
Lau Chik Chuon
3
Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
S.
Wong Kah Yee
4
Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
[1] Lahlou M. The success of natural products in drug discovery. Pharmacol Pharm. 2013; 4(3A): 17-31.
1
[2] Oliver SJ. The role of traditional medicine practice in primary health care within Aboriginal Australia: a review of the literature. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013; 9: 46.
2
[3] Alomar MJ. Factors affecting the development of adverse drug reactions (Review article). Saudi Pharm J. 2014; 22(2): 83-94.
3
[4] Shaw D, Graeme L, Pierre D, Elizabeth W, Kelvin C. Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 140(3): 513-518.
4
[5] Parasuraman S, Thing GS, Dhanaraj SA. Polyherbal formulation: concept of ayurveda. Pharmacogn Rev. 2014; 8(16): 73-80.
5
[6] Santhan P. Leaf structural characteristics of important medicinal plants. Int J Res Ayur Pharm. 2014; 5(6): 673-679.
6
[7] Sundari SG, Rekha S, Parvathi A. Phytochemical evaluation of three species of Solanum L. Int J Res Ayur Pharm. 2013; 4(3): 420-425.
7
[8] OECD series on testing and assessment, Number 24: Guidance document on acute oral toxicity testing. Available at http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2001)4&doclanguage=en, 2016.
8
[9] Parasuraman S, Raveendran R, Rajesh NG, Nandhakumar S. Sub-chronic toxicological evaluation of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B from the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.). Toxicol Rep. 2014; 1: 596-611.
9
[10] Vogel HG, Ed. Drug discovery and evaluation: pharmacological assays. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2002.
10
[11] Butchbach ME, Edwards JD, Burghes AH. Abnormal motor phenotype in the SMNDelta7 mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Neurobiol Dis. 2007; 27(2): 207-219.
11
[12] Manikkoth S, Deepa B, Sequeira M, Joy AE, Rodrigues R. Assessment of brain dopamine levels to evaluate the role of Tylophora indica ethanolic extract on alcohol induced anxiety in Wistar albino rats. J Young Pharm. 2016; 8(2): 91-95.
12
[13] Hisahara S, Shimohama S. Dopamine receptors and Parkinson's disease. Int J Med Chem. 2011; Article ID 403039.
13
[14] Kelly MA, Rubinstein M, Phillips TJ, Lessov CN, Burkhart-Kasch S, Zhang G, Bunzow JR, Fang Y, Gerhardt GA, Grandy DK, Low MJ. Locomotor activity in D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice is determined by gene dosage, genetic background, and developmental adaptations. J Neurosci. 1998; 18(9): 3470-3479.
14
[15] Beaulieu JM, Gainetdinov RR. The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2011; 63(1): 182-217.
15
[16] Schindler CW, Carmona GN. Effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on locomotor activity in male and female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002; 72(4): 857-663.
16
[17] Beninger RJ. The role of dopamine in locomotor activity and learning. Brain Res. 1983; 287(2): 173-196.
17
[18] Vilpoux C, Leroux-Nicollet I, Naudon L, Raisman-Vozari R, Costentin J. Reserpine or chronic paroxetine treatments do not modify the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 expression in serotonin-containing regions of the rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 2000; 39(6): 1075-1082.
18
[19] Study of possible correlation between grip strength decreased and dopamine. [Accessed 2016]. Available from: http://factmed.com/study-DOPAMINE-causing GRIP%20STRENGTH%20DECREASED.php.
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[20] Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Logan J, Pappas NR, Wong CT, Zhu W, Netusil N, Fowler JS. Brain dopamine and obesity. Lancet. 2001; 357(9253): 354-357.
20
[21] Volkow ND, Gur RC, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Moberg PJ, Ding YS, Hitzemann R, Smith G, Logan J. Association between decline in brain dopamine activity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals. Am J Psychiatry. 1998; 155(3): 344-349.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of wound healing potential of Stevia rebaudiana ethanol extract in male rats
Background and objectives: Stevia rebaudiana has been used in medicine as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, anti-fungal, and antibacterial agent. The present study was conducted to investigate the healing effects of S. rebaudiana ethanol extracts on cutaneous wounds in rats. Methods: Full-thickness excisional wounds (2×2 cm) were induced on the back of 32 rats. The rats were divided into four groups as follows; untreated (control) and treated with 1 mL basal cream, 1 mL S. rebaudiana ethanol extract 10%, and 1 mL tetracycline (3%) for 20 days (short term). Animals of each group were euthanized at 20 day post-injury and wounds were assessed through macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Results: During the experiment, S. rebaudiana indicated a significant reduction in the wound area compared to other groups. Parameters such as arrangement of the healing tissue, re-epithelilization and epithelial formation demonstrated considerable changes when compared to the control. In addition, treatment with S. rebaudiana decreased the total number of cells, fibrocytes/fibroblasts ratio, neutrophils, and lymphocytes and enhanced the number of blood vessels and fibroblasts at 20 day. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the wound healing activity of S. rebaudiana, lending credence to the folkloric use in the treatment of cutaneous wounds.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54422_4f0951523f4ca15c5ccec9ec604a2ee7.pdf
2018-01-01
23
30
ethanol extract
in vivo
Stevia rebaudiana
wound healing
S.
Goorani
1
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.M.
Zangeneh*
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Zangeneh
3
Department of Microbiology Section, Pathobiology & Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
C.
Poorshamohammad
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Abiari
5
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Moradi
6
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Najafi
7
Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Tahvilian
8
Research Pharmaceutical Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Faramarzi E, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Moradi R. Effect of Cinnamomum zelanicumon oil on hyponeophagia anxiety test in Balb C male mice. Online J Vet Res.2017; 21(2): 77-80.
1
[2] Foroughi A, Pournaghi P, Najafi F, Zangeneh A, Zangeneh MM, Moradi R. Medicinal plants: antibacterial effects and chemical composition of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare. Int J Curr Pharm Rev Res.2017; 8(1): 13-17.
2
[3] Foroughi A, Pournaghi P, Najafi F, Zangeneh A, Zangeneh MM, Moradi R. Antibacterial effect and phytochemical screening of essential oil of Pimpinella anisum against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Curr Med Pharm Res. 2016; 7(6): 367-371.
3
[4] Foroughi A, Zangeneh MM, Kazemi N, Zangeneh A. An in vitro study on antimicrobial properties of Allium noeanumreut ex regel: an ethnomedicinal plant. Iran J Publ Health. 2016; 45(2): 32.
4
[5] Hagh-Nazari L, Goodarzi N, Zangeneh MM, Zamgeneh A, Tahvilin R, Moradi R. Stereological study of kidney in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice treated with ethanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana (bitter fraction). Comp Clin Pathol. 2017; 26 (2): 455-463.
5
[6] Moradi R, Hajialiani M, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Tahvilian R, Hidaryan H, Rezaeeas N, Kohneshin A. Antibacterial properties of an Iranian ethnomedicinal plant. Int J Ayu Pharm Chem.2017; 6(3): 128-137.
6
[7] Moradi R, Hajialiani M, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Faizi S, Zoalfaghari M, Marabi A. Study a plant extract as an antibacterial agent. Int J Curr Med Pharm Res. 2017; 3(2): 1360-1362.
7
[8] Zangeneh MM, Najafi F, Tahvilian R, Haghnazari L, Zangeneh A, Moradi R, Mahmoudifar A. Effect of Scrophularia striata hydro-alcoholic extract on growth of Bacillus subtilis ATCC No. 21332. Online J Vet Res. 2017; 21(2): 51-57.
8
[9] Foroughi A, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Kazemi N. A survey on antibacterial activities of Allium eriophyllum alcoholic extract: an ethnomedicinal plant. Iran J Publ Health. 2016; 45(2): 32.
9
[10] Zangeneh MM, Tahvilian R, Najafi F, Zangeneh A, Souri N, Moeini-Arya M, Zhaleh S. Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata. Int J Sci Eng Res. 2016; 7(10): 1693-1702.
10
[11] Sherkatolabbasieh H, Hagh-Nazari L, Shafiezadeh S, Goodarzi N, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A. Ameliorative effects of the ethanolic extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in mice: a stereological examination. Arch Biol Sci.2017; 69(3): 535-543.
11
[12] Hosamani KM, Ganjihal SS, Chavadi DV. Alternanthera triandra seed oil: a moderate source of ricinoleic acid and its possible industrial utilization. Indus Crop Prod. 2004; 19(2): 133-136.
12
[13] Schultz GS. Molecular regulation of wound healing. In: acute and chronic wounds: nursing management. Bryant R.A. (Ed.). 2nd ed. WB Saunders ,1999.
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[14] Nagori BP, Solanki R. Role of medicinal plants in wound healing. Res J Med Plants. 2011; 5(4): 392-405.
14
[15] Zangeneh MM, Najafi F, Tahvilian R, Haghnazari L, Zangeneh A, Abiari M, Moradi R. Study on the in vitro antibacterial properties of alcoholic extract of Stevia rebaudiana in west of Iran. Int J Sci Eng Res. 2016; 7(11): 1352-1359.
15
[16] Zangeneh MM, Najafi F, Moradi R, Tahvilian R, Haghnazari L, Zangeneh A. Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activities of alcoholic extract of Stevia rebaudiana against Escheriachia coli O157: H7 (ATCC No. 25922). Asian J Pharm Anal Med Chem. 2016; 4(3): 131-136.
16
[17] Zangeneh MM, Poyanmehr M, Najafi F, Zangeneh A, Moradi R, Tahvilian R, Haghnazari L. In vitro antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC No. 21332). IntJResPharma Nano Sci.2016; 5(6): 320-325.
17
[18] Zangeneh MM, Najafi F, Tahvilian R, Salmani S, Haghnazari L, Zangeneh A, Moradi R. Ethnomedicinal plants: in vitro antibacterial effects of ethanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana. Int J Ayu Pharm Chem. 2017; 6(1): 251-259.
18
[19] Oryan A, Tabatabaieinaieni A, Moshiri A, Mohammadalipoor A, Tabandeh MR. Modulation of cutaneous wound healing by silymarin in rats. J Wound Care. 2012; 21(9): 457-464.
19
[20] Oryan A, Mohammadalipour A, Moshiri A, Mohammad R, Tabandeh MR. Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables: a novel regulator of cutaneous wound healing, modelling and remodeling. Int Wound J. 2015; 12(6): 674-685.
20
[21] Chitra S, Patil MB, Ravi K. Wound healing activity of Hyptis suaveolens (L) poit (Laminiaceae). Int J Pharm Technol Res. 2009; 1(3): 737-744.
21
[22] Buganza-Tepole A, Kuhl E. Systems-based approaches toward wound healing. Pediatr Res. 2013; 73(4): 553-563.
22
[23] Falanga V. Wound healing and its impairment in the diabetic foot. Lancet. 2005; 366(9498): 1736-1743.
23
[24] Singh MP, Sharma CS. Wound healing activity of Terminalia chebula in experimentally induceddiabetic rats. Int J Pharm Technol Res. 2009; 4(1): 1267-1270.
24
[25] Najafi F, Tahvilian R, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Moradi R. Screening of essential oil of Allium sativum for antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis. Int J Rec Sci Res. 2016; 7(11): 14172-14176.
25
[26] Zangeneh MM, Najafi F, Tahvilian R, Zangeneh A, Moradi R. Assessment of in vitro antibacterial properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC No. 25923). Int J Pharm Phytochem Res.2017; 9(1): 40-44.
26
[27] Tahvilian R, Moradi R, Zhale H, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Yazdani H, Hajialiani M. Ethnomedicinal plants: in vitro antibacterial effect of essential oil of Pistacia khinjuk. Int J Sci Eng Res.2016; 7(10): 437-447.
27
[28] Tahvilian R, Moradi R, Hajialiani M, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Yazdani H, Zhaleh H. Evaluation of antibacterial properties of essential oil of Pistacia khinjuk. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2017; 7(1): 1-6.
28
[29] Poorshamohammad C, Souri N, Amini Z, Kosari F, Jamshidpour R, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A. Cucurbita moschata: a plant with antibacterial properties. Int J Curr Med Pharm Res.2017; 3(2): 1356-1359.
29
[30] Shin D, Minn KW. The effect of myofibroblast on contracture of hypertrophic scar. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004; 113(2): 633-640.
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[31] Langton AK, Herrick SE, Headon DJ. An extended epidermal response heals cutaneous wounds in the absence of a hair follicle stem cell contribution. J Invest Dermatol. 2008; 128(5): 1311-1318.
31
[32] Courtois MC, Sapoval M, Del-Giudice C, Ducloux R, Mirault T, Messas E. Distal revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb ischemia. J Mal Vasc. 2015; 40(1): 24-36.
32
[33] Nayak BS, Pinto-Pereira LM. Catharanthus roseus flower extract has wound-healing activity in Sprague Dawley rats. Complement Altern Med. 2006; 21(6): 41-47.
33
[34] Kumar MS, Sripriya R, Raghavan HV, Sehgal PK. Wound healing potential of Cassia fistula on infected albino rat model. J Surg Res. 2006; 131(2): 283-289.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A comparative study on the analgesic properties of five members of Lamiaceae family using two pain models
Background and objectives: Alternative medicine is widely used to replace a variety of commonly prescribed synthetic drugs in order to achieve a state of substantial efficacy with considerably less adverse effects. The present work has focused on the comparative evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of five members of Lamiaceae family to prioritize their potentials to be used herein. Methods: Two common models of pain studies including the hot-plate and tail-flick tests were used to compare the analgesic properties of Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Satureja hortensis, and Mentha pulegium essential oils (EOs) at two doses of 0.5 and 1 cc per animal. Results: Significant increase in the response times of both tests were recorded compared to the control group following the administration of the EOs with the order of potency T. vulgaris 1 mL > T. vulgaris (0.5 mL) > M. piperita (1 mL) > M. piperita (0.5 mL) > R. officinalis (1 mL) > R. officinalis (0.5 mL). Conclusion:Although all studied EOs showed some extents of anti-nociceptive properties; however, T. vulgaris and M. piperita demonstrated the highest potential for pain management due to their rapid onset, long-lasting and steady mode of action. Their more potent anti-nociceptive effects in comparison to R. officinalis with previously proven analgesic efficacy, further supports this idea.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54423_b6ac0a7939df1c2b8d639b2c7610ba75.pdf
2018-01-01
31
39
Mentha piperita
Mentha pulegium
Rosmarinus officinalis
Satureja hortensis
Thymus vulgaris
M.H.
Asghari
1
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
AUTHOR
E.
Babaei
2
Department of Medical Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Moloudizargari*
3
Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Fallah
4
Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Mahmoodifar
5
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Mikaili P, Nezhady MAM, Shayegh J, Asghari MH. Study of antinociceptive effect of Thymus vulgaris and Foeniculum vulgare essential oil in mouse. Int J Acad Res. 2010; 2(6): 374-376.
1
[2] Esmaeili-Mahani S, Rezaeezadeh-Roukerd M, Esmaeilpour K, Abbasnejad M, Rasoulian B, Sheibani V, Kaeidi A, Hajializadeh Z. Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract elicits antinociceptive activity, potentiates morphine analgesia and suppresses morphine hyperalgesia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 132(1): 200-205.
2
[3] Habib M, Waheed I. Evaluation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Artemisia scoparia hydromethanolic extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 145(1): 18-24.
3
[4] Uddin G, Rauf A, Siddiqui BS, Muhammad N, Khan A, Shah SUA. Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and sedative activities of the extracts and chemical constituents of Diospyros lotus L. Phytomed. 2014; 21(7): 954-959.
4
[5] Abdelhalim A, Karim N, Chebib M, Aburjai T, Khan I, Johnston GA, Hanrahan J. Antidepressant, anxiolytic and antinociceptive activities of constituents from Rosmarinus officinalis. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015; 18(4): 448-459.
5
[6] Raskovic A, Milanovic I, Pavlovic N, Milijasevic B, Ubavic M, Mikov M. Analgesic effects of rosemary essential oil and its interactions with codeine and paracetamol in mice. Europ Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015; 19(1): 165-172.
6
[7] Taherian AA, Babaei M, Vafaei AA, Jarrahi M, Jadidi M, Sadeghi H. Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2009; 22(1): 83-89.
7
[8] Lee SJ, Umano K, Shibamoto T, Lee KG. Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chem. 2005; 91(1): 131-137.
8
[9] Fachini-Queiroz FC, Kummer R, Estevao-Silva CF, Carvalho MDB, Cunha JM, Grespan R, Bersani-Amado CA, Nakamura RK. Effects of thymol and carvacrol, constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil, on the inflammatory response. Evid-Based Compl Alt. 2012; article ID 657026.
9
[10] Akan Z, Dikilidal M, Ozdemir H, Oto G, Yilmaz A. Effects of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymbra spicata L. on diabetes mellitus associated cognitive impairment and neuropathy: Thymus vulgaris and cognitive function improvements. Med Sci Discov. 2014; 1(1): 16-21.
10
[11] El-Nekeety AA, Mohamed SR, Hathout AS, Hassan NS, Aly SE, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Antioxidant properties of Thymus vulgaris oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in male rats. Toxicon. 2011; 57(7): 984-991.
11
[12] Takaki I, Bersani-Amado L, Vendruscolo A, Sartoretto S, Diniz S, Bersani-Amado C, Cuman R. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil in experimental animal models. J Med Food. 2008; 11(4): 741-746.
12
[13] Ribeiro-Santos R, Carvalho-Costa D, Cavaleiro C, Costa HS, Albuquerque TG, Castilho MC, Ramos F, Melo NR, Sanches-Silva A. A novel insight on an ancient aromatic plant: The rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Trends Food Sci Technol. 2015; 45(2): 355-368.
13
[14] Mengoni ES, Vichera G, Rigano LA, Rodriguez-Puebla ML, Galliano SR, Cafferata EE, Cafferata EE, Pivetta O, Moreno A, Vojnov A. Suppression of COX-2, IL-1β and TNF-α expression and leukocyte infiltration in inflamed skin by bioactive compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L. Fitoterapia. 2011; 82(3): 414-421.
14
[15] Martínez AL, González-Trujano ME, López-Muñoz FJ. Endogenous opioids participation in the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in the visceral, inflammatory and gout arthritis nociception in rodents. Salud Mental. 2013; 36(2): 133-139.
15
[16] Andurkar SV, Reniguntala MSJ, Gulati A, DeRuiter J. Synthesis and antinociceptive properties of N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-(thiophen-2-yl) ethyl) azepane-4-yl) propionamide in the mouse tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2014; 24(2): 644-648.
16
[17] Mikaili P, Shayegh J, Asghari MH. Review on the indigenous use and ethnopharmacology of hot and cold natures of phytomedicines in the Iranian traditional medicine. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 2(2): S1189-S1193.
17
[18] Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Majlesi M, Shahinfard N, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A review study on analgesic applications of Iranian medicinal plants. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014; 7(S1): 43-53.
18
[19] Hajhashemi V, Zolfaghari B, Yousefi A. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Satureja hortensis seed essential oil, hydroalcoholic and polyphenolic extracts in animal models. Med Princ Pract. 2012; 21(2): 178-182.
19
[20] Casarrubea M, Sorbera F, Santangelo A, Crescimanno G. Learning influence on the behavioral structure of rat response to pain in hot-plate. Behav Brain Res. 2011; 225(1): 177-183.
20
[21] Masocha W, Kombian SB, Edafiogho IO. Evaluation of the antinociceptive activities of enaminone compounds on the formalin and hot plate tests in mice. Sci Rep. 2016; Article ID 4768266.
21
[22] Chouhan A, Karma A, Artani N, Parihar D. Evaluation of analgesic activity of different brands of diclifenac sodium using tail flick mehtod. World J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. 2016; 5(5): 663-665.
22
[23] Bannon AW, Malmberg AB. Models of nociception: hot‐plate, tail‐flick, and formalin tests in rodents. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2007: Article ID 18428666.
23
[24] Langerman L, Zakowski MI, Piskoun B, Grant GJ. Hot plate versus tail flick: evaluation of acute tolerance to continuous morphine infusion in the rat model. J Pharmacol Tox Met. 1995; 34(1): 23-27.
24
[25] Shabnum S, Wagay MG. Essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and their uses. J Res Dev. 2011; 11: 83-94.
25
[26] Belemkar S, Thakre SA, Pata MK. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of methanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica Nees and Mentha piperita Linn. Inventi Rapid Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 2: 1-6.
26
[27] Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Pezeshkian SK. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Satureja hortensis L. extracts and essential oil. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 82(2): 83-87.
27
[28] Hajlaoui H, Trabelsi N, Noumi E, Snoussi M, Fallah H, Ksouri R, Bakhrouf A. Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of tow cultivated mint species (Mentha longifolia and Mentha pulegium) used in the Tunisian folkloric medicine. World J Microb Biotech. 2009; 25(12): 2227-2238.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of aromatherapy with Rosa damascena essential oil on sleep quality in children
Background and objectives: Sleep disorder is one of the main problems in children. Poor sleep quality can lead to adverse effects on their growth and development. Aromatherapy is a kind of method for improving sleep. In Iranian traditional medicine, inhaling Rosa damascena has been recommended for treating sleep disorder. Due to the side effects of chemical drugs and trend to alternative medicine due to less complication, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy with Rosa damascena essential oil on sleep quality in children. Methods: This study was an experimental before and after study that conducted in 30 children with sleep disorder. Children inhaled 5 drops of Rosa damascena essential oil on a cotton ball before sleep for 20 min (2 weeks). Before and after intervention, BEARS questionnaire was asked. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparisons by SPSS software. Results: The results of this study showed that resistance to sleep, difficulty waking in the morning, nightmare and waking up during the night in children decreased (p<0.05) by inhaling Rosa damascena essential oil. There was no significant improvement in daytime sleeping and fatigue of children after aromatherapy. Conclusion: Aromatherapy with Rosa damascena was safe and could improve sleep quality in children with sleep disorders.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54429_b132dd8441e87e61ff1e629d6580edfc.pdf
2018-01-01
41
46
aromatherapy
children
Rosa damascena
sleep
traditional medicine
A.S.
Keyhanmehr
1
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Movahhed
2
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Sahranavard
3
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, and Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
L.
Gachkar
4
Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Hamdieh
5
Talaghani Hospital Psychosomatic Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sh.
Afsharpaiman*
6
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Nikfarjad
7
ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Hintze JP, Paruthi S. Sleep in the pediatric population. Sleep Med Clin. 2016; 11(1): 91-103.
1
[2] Ipsiroglu OS, Fatemi A, Werner I. Prevalence of sleep disorders in school children between 11 and 15 years of age. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2001; 113(7-8): 235-244.
2
[3] Meltzer LJ, Mindell JA. Sleep and sleep disorders in children and adolescents. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006; 29(4): 1059-1076.
3
[4] Boyle J, Cropley M. Children's sleep: problems and solutions. J Fam Health Care. 2004; 14(3): 61-63.
4
[5] Owens J. Classification and epidemiology of childhood sleep disorders. Prim Care. 2008; 35(3): 533-546.
5
[6] Abuduhaer A, Xu PR, Muzhapaer D. Sleep disorders and their influencing factors in primary school children from Urumqi. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2007; 9(6): 543-545.
6
[7] Badin E, Haddad C, Shatkin JP. Insomnia, the sleeping giant of pediatric public health. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016; Article ID 26993792.
7
[8] Wise M, Glaze D. Assessment of sleep disorders in children. [Accessed 2015]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/index_accord.htm.
8
[9] Hannan K, Hiscock H. Sleep problems in children. Aust Fam Physician. 2015; 44(12): 880-883.
9
[10] Arbanas G, Arbanas D, Dujam K. Adverse effects of benzodiazepines in psychiatric outpatients. Psychiatr Danub. 2009; 21(1): 103-107.
10
[11] Adams D, Dagenais S, Clifford T, Baydala L, King WJ, Hervas-Malo M, Moher D, Vohra S. Complementary and alternative medicine use by pediatric specialty outpatients. Pediatrics. 2013; 131(2): 225-232.
11
[12] Fradelos E, Komini E. The use of essential oils as a complementary treatment for anxiety. Am J Nurs Sie. 2015; 4(1): 1-5.
12
[13] Hwang E, Shin S. The effects of aromatherapy on sleep improvement: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2015; 21(2): 61-68.
13
[14] Lillehei AS, Halcon LL. A systematic review of the effect of inhaled essential oils on sleep. J Altern Complement Med. 2014; 20(6): 441-451.
14
[15] Keyhanmehr AS, Movahhed M, Sahranavard S, Hamdieh M, Afsharpaiman S, Gachkar L, Nikfarjad H. Which aroma in Iranian traditional medicine is effective on sleep disorders? Galen Med J. 2017; 6(1): 3-11.
15
[16] Nazemjahan M. Exir-e-azam. Tehran: Tehran university of Medical Science, Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, 2007.
16
[17] Ibne Sina H. AlQanoun fi al teb. Beirut: Alalamy, 2005.
17
[18] Azam Khan Cheshti H. Qarabadin-azam. Tehran: Nezami, 2011.
18
[19] Arzani MA. Tebbe akbari. Qom: Jalaleddin, 2008.
19
[20] Aghili-Khorasani MH. Makhzan-al-adviyeh. Tehran: Sabz, 2011.
20
[21] Boskabady MH, Naser Shafei M, Saberi Z, Amini S. Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2011; 14(4): 295-307.
21
[22] Rakhshandeh H, Sadeghnia HR, Ghorbani A. Sleep-prolonging effect of Coriandrum sativum hydro-alcoholic extract in mice. Nat Prod Res. 2012; 26(22): 2095-2098.
22
[23] Hajibagheri A, Babaii A, Adib-Hajbaghery M. Effect of Rosa damascena aromatherapy on sleep quality in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014; 20(3): 159-163.
23
[24] Haze S, Sakai K, Gozu Y. Effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adults. Jpn J Pharmaco. 2002; 90(3): 247-253.
24
[25] Marofi M, Sirousfard M, Moeini M, Ghanadi A. Evaluation of the effect of aromatherapy with Rosa damascena Mill on postoperative pain intensity in hospitalized children in selected hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2013: A randomized clinical trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015; 20(2): 247-254.
25
[26] Williams TI. Evaluating effects of aromatherapy massage on sleep in children with autism: a pilot study. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2006; 3(3): 373-377.
26
[27] McLay LK, France K. Empirical research evaluating non-traditional approaches to managing sleep problems in children with autism. Dev Neurorehabil. 2016; 19(2): 123-134.
27
[28] Lytle J, Mwatha C, Davis KK. Effect of lavender aromatherapy on vital signs and perceived quality of sleep in the intermediate care unit: a pilot study. Am J Crit Care. 2014; 23(1): 24-29.
28
[29] Aligani Renani H, Noruzi Zamengani M, Asnafi A, Latifi M. The effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oils on sleep quality in the school-age children whit ALL. Complement Med J. 2015; 5(1): 1113-1121.
29
[30] Soltani R, Soheilipour S, Hajhashemi V, Asghari G, Bagheri M, Molavi M. Evaluation of the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013; 77(9): 1579-1581.
30
[31] Mohammadi M, Ghalebaghi B, Ghaleh Bandi MF, Amintehrani E, Khodaie Sh, Shoaee Sh, Ashra MR. Sleep patterns and sleep problems among preschool and school-aged group children in a primary care setting. IranJPediatr. 2007; 17(3): 213-221.
31
[32] Fricke-Oerkermann L, Pluck J, Schredl M, Heinz K, Mitschke A, Wiater A, Lehmkuhl G. Prevalence and course of sleep problems in childhood. Sleep. 2007; 30(10): 1371-1377.
32
[33] Lv XN, Liu ZJ, Zhang HJ, Tzeng CM. Aromatherapy and the central nerve system (CNS): therapeutic mechanism and its associated genes. Curr Drug Targets. 2013; 14(8): 872-879.
33
Pires A, Fortuna A, Alves G, Falcao A. Intranasal drug delivery: how, why and what for? J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2009; 12(3): 288-311
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The ameliorative potential of Sophora alopecuroides essential oil on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice; a stereological study
Background and objectives: Sophora alopecuroides, one of the most important herbal medicines is widely grown in west of Iran, and has a long history for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, leucorrhea, eczema, and psoriasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of Sophora alopecuroides essential oil on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Methods: Thirty five male mice were divided into five groups; group I as the negative control, received olive oil intraperitoneally and distilled water orally. Group II as the positive control, received CCl4 mixed with olive oil in the ratio of 5:5, intraperitoneally and distilled water orally. Group III, IV and V received CCl4 and 200, 800 and 1600 µg/kg of S. alopecuroides essential oil through gavages for 45 consecutive days. Results: The results showed that low and intermediate doses of S. alopecuroides essential oil significantly decreased the raised levels of Alanine aminotrasferase and Aspartate aminotransaminase toward control levels (p<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase was improved with tree examined doses of S. alopecuroides essential oil. The volume and weight of the liver, as well as the volume of hepatocytes and sinusoids which had increased significantly in the positive control group (p<0.05), decreased significantly following treatment by low dose of S. alopecuroides essential oil (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that although Sophora alopecuroidesessential could protect liver against CCl4-induced toxicity at lower doses, further studies would be needed to define the selective dose of this plant against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54430_502337e5fb70480bb4c9595fd69618e5.pdf
2018-01-01
47
54
Hepatocyte
Liver
medicinal plants
Sophora alopecuroides
volume density
N.
Goodarzi*
1
Department of Basic and Pathobiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
E.
Doorgard
2
Department of Biology, Kermanshah Center of Payame Noor University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
P.
Pournaghi
3
Department of Biology, Kermanshah Center of Payame Noor University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Alia M, Horcajo C, Bravo L, Goya L. Effect of grape antioxidant dietary fiber on the total antioxidant capacity and the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes in rats. Nutr Res. 2003; 23(9): 1251-1267.
1
[2] Loguercio C, Federico A. Oxidative stress in viral and alcoholic hepatitis. Free Radical Biol Med. 2003; 34(1): 1-10.
2
[3] Vitaglione P, Morisco F, Caporaso N, Fogliano V. Dietary antioxidant compounds and liver health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2004; 44(7-8): 575-586.
3
[4] Hagh-Nazari L, Goodarzi N, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Tahvilian R, Moradi R. Stereological study of kidney in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice treated with ethanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana (bitter fraction). Comp Clin Pathol. 2017; 26(2): 455-463.
4
[5] Parekh J, Chanda S. In-vitro antimicrobial activities of extracts of Launaea procumbens Roxb. (Labiateae), Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) and Cyperes rotundus L. (Cyperaceae). Afr J Biomed Res. 2006; 9(2): 89-93.
5
[6] Zangeneh MM, Tahvilian R, Najafi F, Zangeneh A, Souri N, Moeini Arya M, Zhale S. Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata. Int J Sci Eng Res. 2016;7(10): 1693-1702.
6
[7] Tahvilian R, Moradi R, Zhale H, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Yazdani H, Hajialiani M. Ethnomedicinal plants: study on antifungal activity of essential oil of Pistacia khinjuk (combined with the dominance γ-terpinene) against Candida albicans. Int J Pharm Clin Res. 2016; 8(10): 1369-1373.
7
[8] Zangeneh MM, Najafi F, Tahvilian R, Zangeneh A, Souri N, Zarei MS, Khedri MR, Bahrami E, Shamohammadi M. Ethnomedicinal plant: antibacterial effects of essential oil of Allium sativum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PTCC No. 1707) in west of Iran. Int J Rec Sci Res. 2016;7(11): 14243-14247.
8
[9] Foroughi A, Pournaghi P, Tahvilian R, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Moradi R. Evaluation of the composition and antibacterial effects of the Viola odorata Lin. oils. Int J Curr Med Pharm Res. 2016; 2(12): 1093-1097.
9
[10] Ebrahimi S, Sadeghi H, Pourmahmoudi A, Askariyan SH, Askari S. Protective effect of Zizphus vulgaris extract, on liver toxicity in laboratory rats. Armaghane-Danesh J. 2010; 16(2): 172-180.
10
[11] Nyengaard JR. Stereologic methods and their application in kidney research. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999; 10(5): 1100-1123.
11
[12] Karbalay-Doust S, Noorafshan A. Stereological study of the effects of nandrolone decanoate on the mouse liver. Micron. 2009; 40(4): 471-475.
12
[13] Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Stereological tools in biomedical research. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2003; 75(4): 469-486.
13
[14] Zangar RC, Benson JM, Burnett VL, Springer DL. CytochromeP4502E1 is the primary enzyme responsible for low-dose carbon tetrachloride metabolism in human liver microsomes. Chem Biol Interact. 2000; 125(3): 233-243.
14
[15] Weber LWD, Boll M, Stampfl A. Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2003; 33(2): 105-136.
15
[16] Recknagel RO, Glende Jr EA, Dolak JA, Waller RL. Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Pharmacol Ther. 1989; 43(1): 139-154.
16
[17] Hanung X, Li B, Shen L. Studies on the anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanisms of sophoridine. J Anal Methods Chem. 2014; Article ID 502626.
17
[18] Chen YX1, Mao BY, Jiang JH. Relationship between serum load of HBV-DNA and therapeutic effect of oxymatrine in patients with chronic hepatitis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi Med. 2002; 22(5): 335-336.
18
[19] Weizhong C. Effect of matrine on experiment rat liver fibrosis. Chin J New Drugs. 2000; 9(6): 410-412.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of extraction method on the major constituents and biological effects of Trachyspermum ammi L. fruits
Background and objectives: Variety of extraction methods coupled with definite solvents could increase the removal rate ofmajor constituents from plants. This research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of extraction methods on the main group of compounds, cytotoxicity, anti acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant activity of Trachyspermum ammi fruits. Methods: To compare the quality of extracts earned from maceration and reflux techniques, the amounts of total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant property of T. ammi’s fruits extracts were determined; moreover, the cytotoxic activity against Human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines (NALM-6) was conducted using MTT assay. Anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity of both extracts were also examined by Ellman’s method. Results: The extraction yield of the plant was significantly higher for maceration compared to reflux extraction. Also, both antioxidant activity and total flavonoid contents (IC50=132.95 µg/mL and 140.15 mg catechin/g dry extract, respectively) showed higher amounts considerably in the maceration extraction. In reverse, the content of phenolic compounds (147.28 mg gallic acid/g dry extract and 16.6 mg thymol/g dry extract) was elevated in the refluxed extract. The result exerted moderate inhibition on butyrylcholinesterase activity (IC50= 394.161 µg/mL) and cytotoxicity (IC50 =166.92±1.76 μg/mL for NALM-6 cell line) of the extract using maceration. Conclusion: The maceration method could provide additional amounts of major constituents and greater biological properties compared to the reflux technique.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54433_52c314c41b3d77fecfcf79cfae36ae97.pdf
2018-01-01
55
61
Biological effect
Extraction
maceration
reflux
Trachyspermum ammi
F.
Farjadmand*
1
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Natural and Traditional Products Division, Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Khanavi
2
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
AUTHOR
M.
Eftekhari
3
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Hosseinsalari
4
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
T.
Akbarzadeh
5
Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Safavi
6
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Asatouri
7
Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Mirabzadeh
8
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.R.
Shams Ardekani
9
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Sasidharan S, Chen Y, Saravanan D, Sundram K, Latha LY. Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants’ extracts. Afr J Trad Complement Alternat Med. 2011; 8(1): 1-10.
1
[2] Vitali LA, Beghelli D, Nya PCB, Bistoni O, Cappellacci L, Damiano S, Lupidi G, Maggi F, Orsomand G, Papa F, Petrelli D, Petrelli R, Quassinti L, Sorci L, Majdzadeh M, Bramucci M. Diverse biological effects of the essential oil from Iranian Trachyspermum ammi. Arab J Chem. 2016; 9(6): 775-786.
2
[3] Jan SA, Shinwari ZK, Zeb A, Khalil AT, Shah SH. Ethnobotany and research trends in Trachyspermum ammi L. (ajowan); a popular folklore remedy. Am-Eurasian J Agri Environment Sci. 2015; 15(1): 68-73.
3
[4] Javad S, Mubarik M, Aftab A, Tariq A. Microwave assisted extraction of phenolics from Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague. J Biores Manag. 2016; 3(2): 27-32.
4
[5] Iram W, Anjum T, Iqbal M, Ghaffar A, Abbas M. Structural elucidation and toxicity assessment of degraded products of aflatoxin B1 and B2 by aqueous extracts of Trachyspermum ammi. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7(346): 1-16.
5
[6] Javed S, Shahid AA, Haider MS, Umeera A, Ahmad R, Mushtaq S. Nutritional, phytochemical potential and pharmacological evaluation of Nigella Sativa (Kalonji) and Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain). J Med Plant Res. 2012; 6(5): 768-775.
6
[7] Okwu D. Evaluation of chemical composition of indigenous species and flavouring agents. Glob J Pure Appl Sci. 2001; 7(5): 455-460.
7
[8] Miller AL. Antioxidant flavonoids: structure, function and clinical usage. Alt Med Rev. 1996; 1(2): 103-111.
8
[9] Christova-Bagdassarian VL, Bagdassarian KS, Atanassova MS, Ahmad MA. Comparative analysis of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, rutin, tannins and antioxidant aapacity in apiaceae and lamiaceae families. Ind Hort J. 2014; 4(3/4): 131-140.
9
[10] Ramaswamy S, Sengottuvelu S, Sherief SH, Jaikumar S, Saravanan R, Prasadkumar C, Sivakumar T. Gastroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi fruit. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2010; 1(1): 1-15.
10
[11] Nickavar B, Adeli A, Nickavar A. TLC-bioautography and GC-MS analyses for detection and identification of antioxidant constituents of Trachyspermum copticum essential oil. Iran JPharm Res. 2014; 13(1): 127-133.
11
[12] Moein MR, Zomorodian K, Pakshir K, Yavari F, Motamedi M, Zarshenas MM. Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague chemical composition of essential oil and antimicrobial activities of respective fractions. J Evid Based Complement Alter Med. 2015; 20(1): 50-56.
12
[13] Chauhan B, Kumar G, Ali M. A review on phytochemical constituents and activities of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague fruits. Am J Pharmtech Res. 2012; 2(4): 329-340.
13
[14] Aghili Khorasani MH. Makhzan al advieh. Tehran: Research Institute for Islamic & Complementary Medicine Pub, 2008.
14
[15] Pourmorad F, Hosseinimehr S, Shahabimajd N. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. Afr J Biotech. 2006; 5(11): 1142-1145.
15
[16] Dannis M. Determination of phenols by the amino-antipyrine method. Sewage Ind Waste. 1951; 23(12): 1516-1522.
16
[17] Emerson E. The condensation of aminoantipyrine. II. A new color test for phenolic compounds. J Org Chem. 1943; 8(5): 417-428.
17
[18] Arabshahi-Delouee S, Urooj A. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Food Chem. 2007; 102(4): 1233-1240.
18
[19] Kahkeshani N, Hadjiakhoondi A, Maafi N, Khanavi M. Standardization of a galactogogue herbal mixture based on its total phenol and flavonol contents and antioxidant activity. Res JPharmacogn. 2015; 2(1): 35-39.
19
[20] Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 1999; 64(4): 555-559.
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[21] Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol.1961; 7(2): 88-95.
21
[22] Mahdavi M, Saeedi M, Gholamnia L, Jeddi SAB, Sabourian R, Shafiee A, foroumadi A, Akbarzadeh T. Synthesis of novel tacrine analogs as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem. 2017; 54(1): 384-390.
22
[23] Safavi M, Esmati N, Ardestani SK, Emami S, Ajdari S, Davoodi J, Shafiee A, Foroumadi A. Halogenated flavanones as potential apoptosis-inducing agents: synthesis and biological activity evaluation. Eur J Med Chem. 2012; 58(1): 573-580.
23
[24] Ahmad I, Arifuddin M, Rijai L. The effect of extraction methods of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. MERR) against TLC profiles and sunscreen activities. Int J Pharmtech Res. 2016; 9(9): 428-436.
24
[25] Xu G, Ye X, Chen J, Liu D. Effect of heat treatment on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of citrus peel extract. J Agric Food Chem. 2007; 55(2): 330-335.
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[26] Damodar K, Bhogineni S, Ramanjaneyulu B. Phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of total phenolic, flavonoids and antimicrobial evaluation of Trachyspermum ammi. J Atom Mol. 2011; 1(1): 1-8.
26
[27] Raeisi S, Sharifi-Rad M, Quek SY, Shabanpour B, Sharifi-Rad J. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) fruit and ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague) seed extracts in semi-fried coated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets for shelf-life extension. LWT-Food Sci Tech. 2016; 65(1): 112-121.
27
[28] Saxena S, Agarwal D, Saxena R, Rathore S. Analysis of anti-oxidant properties of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seed extract. Int J Seed Spices. 2012; 2(1): 550-555.
28
[29] Gupta D. Comparative analysis of spices for their phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Am Int J Res Form Appl Nat Sci. 2013; 4(1): 38-42.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Apoptotic potential of two Caryophyllaceae species in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines
Background and objectives: Plants have been used to treat diseases like cancer for many years and today the trend towards their use is increasing. One of the most effective mechanisms of plants against cancer is inducing apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death which acts opposite to cell division. It starts in response to some stimuli. Despite the effectiveness of apoptosis inducing agents, their use has been limited due to side effects and resistance to these treatments; so, applying medicinal herbs due to their lower cost and toxicity has drawn attentions. Recent research at the Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences on two medicinal plants Acanthophyllum bracteatum and A. microcephalum has shown cytotoxic effects of these two species, but the mechanism of their toxicity has remained unknown; thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the apoptotic potential of Acanthophyllum bracteatum and A. microcephalum. Methods: In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of the methanol extract of Acanthophyllum bracteatum and A. microcephalum was evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells by MTT assay; furthermore, their apoptosis potential has been evaluated by annexin-V/propidium iodide assay and Hoechst 33258 staining in the same cell lines. Results: The methanol extract of A. microcephalum and A. bracteatum showed cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines with IC50 values of 64, 159 and 102, 250 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the apoptosis assays confirmed the potential of the two plants extracts to induce apoptosis in both cell lines while A. microcephalum demonstrated more considerable results. Conclusion: A. microcephalum could be a suitable choice for further breast cancer studies.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54437_f9efe5a5e2eff67fed77005e8e6e68cf.pdf
2018-01-01
63
69
Acanthophyllum bracteatum
Acanthophyllum microcephalum
Annexin-V/propidium iodide
Apoptosis
MTT assay
M.
Mosaddegh
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Taheri
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Eslami Tehrani
3
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Hamzeloo-Moghadam*
4
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Greenberg AK, Donoghue MJ. Molecular systematics and character evolution in Caryophyllaceae. Taxon. 2011; 60(6): 1637-1652.
1
[2] Mozaffarian V. A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Tehran: Farhange-e-Moaser, 2007.
2
[3] Mozaffarian V. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Tehran: Farhang-e-Moaser, 2012.
3
[4] Böttger S, Melzig MF. Triterpenoid saponins of the Caryophyllaceae and Illecebraceae family. Phytochem Lett. 2011; 4(2): 59-68.
4
[5] Sparg SG, Light ME, Staden JV. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 94(2-3): 219-243.
5
[6] Hajimehdipoor H, Ara L, Moazzeni H. Evaluating the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of some plants from Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad province, Iran. Res J Pharmacogn. 2016; 3(4): 1-7.
6
[7] Masi P, Emam-Djomeh Z, Moini S. Isolation, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from Acanthophyllum bracteatum roots. Int J Biol Macromolecules. 2011; 49(4): 567-572.
7
[8] Lacaille-Dubois MA, Hanquet B, Rustaiyan A, Wagner H. Squarroside A, a biologically active triterpene saponin from Acanthophyllum squarrosum. Phytochemistry. 1993; 34(2): 489-495.
8
[9] Naghibi F, Irani M, Hassanpour A, Pirani M, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M. Cytotoxic effects of selective species of Caryophyllaceae in Iran. Res J Pharmacogn. 2014; 1(2): 29-32.
9
[10] Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Aghaei M, Fallahian F, Jafari SM, Dolati M, Abdolmohammadi H, Hajiahmadi S, Esmaeili S. Britannin, sesquiterpene lactone, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. Tumor Biol. 2016; 36(2): 1191-1198.
10
[11] Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Hajimehdipoor H, Saeidnia S, Atoofi A, Shahrestani R, Read RW, Mosaddegh M. Anti-proliferative activity and apoptotic potential of britannin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Inula aucheriana. Nat Prod Commun. 2012; 7(8): 979-980.
11
[12] Fallahian F, Aghaei M, Abdolmohammadi MH, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M. Molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction by Gaillardin, a sesquiterpene lactone, in breast cancer cell lines: Gaillardin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2015; 31(6): 295-305.
12
[13] Esmaeili S, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Ghaffari S, Mosaddegh M. Cytotoxic activity screening of some medicinal plants from south of Iran. Res J Pharmacogn. 2014; 1(4): 19-25.
13
[14] Timité G, Mitaine-Offer AC, Miyamoto T, Tanaka C, Mirjolet JF, Duchamp O, Lacaille-Dubois MA. Structure elucidation of new oleanane-typeglycosides from three species of Acanthophyllum. Mag Res Chem. 2010; 48(5): 370-374.
14
[15] Chandra S, Rawat DS. Medicinal plants of the family Caryophyllaceae: a review of ethno-medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. Integr Med Res. 2015; 4(3): 123-131.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antitumor effects of flaxseed in Iranian traditional medicine and contemporary medicine; a brief review
Cancers are the result of uncontrollable multiplication of abnormal cells. In order to control progression of cancers, various therapeutic regiments are used that have side effects and are costly. Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) contains comprehensive subjects regarding cancerous tumors. In the present study, the nature and development of cancer from ITM point of view and the effect of flax as an easily accessible medicinal herb which has been mentioned in several ancient prescriptions and has been used in the management of dropsies and tumors has been discussed. In a library search through the valid ITM references and Avicenna and other scholars texts, explanations of ITM regarding cancer has been investigated and flax and its therapeutic effects in the cancer management has been described. A number of medical databases were searched for contemporary medicine articles; finally, the findings in these two systems of medicine were compared. Flax possesses a cleansing effect in the whole body according to ITM and can be used for management of dropsies inside the body especially hard tumors and cancers. The present work has shown its uses in cancers of breast, prostate, ovary, small intestine and colon as well as its analgesic effects. New studies have approved the anti-cancerous effects of flaxseed that have been reported by ITM scholars. Since they believed that flax was beneficial for tumors of all organs, investigations of its effects against cancerous tumors of other organs is recommended.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_54438_a7adc6b8342ce3fa62ae22732d34d1eb.pdf
2018-01-01
71
77
Flaxseed
Iranian traditional medicine
tumour
N.
Masoudi
1
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Tabarrai
2
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Z.
Niktabe
3
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Dehghan
4
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Khodadoost*
5
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Ostad SN, Vazirian M, Manayi A, Hadjiakhoondi A, Khanavi M. Comparison of cytotoxic activity of some Iranian Stachys spp. extracts on different cancer cell lines. Res J Pharmacogn. 2014; 1(2): 23-28.
1
[2] Naghibi F, Khalaj A, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M. Cancer terminologies used in the medieval texts to the early modern Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). J Res Hist Med. 2014; 3(2): 63-72.
2
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5
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6
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27