ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GC/Mass analysis of the volatile compounds of P. hyrcanicum diethyl ether extract and GC profiling of some Iranian Polygonum species
In this study, the relationship among four species of Polygonum (including P. hyrcanicum (three samples), P. persicaria, P. avicular, and P. hydropiper) was investigated by GC profiling. Furthermore, the major compounds of the ethylic ether extract of P. hyrcanicum were identified by GC/MS as: α-bisabolol (17.5%), cedrol (15.9%), sesquisabinene hydrate (13.0%), α-elemol (10.5%) and trans-longipinocarveol (10.1%). All the identified compounds were sesquiterpenes and no monoterpene, fatty acid and/or hydrocarbone were detected in the extract. Chemical distances among the mentioned species were calculated in order to construct the dendrogram of closely related samples. Results indicated that the distance between two samples of P. hyrcanicum was considered to be short and their GC profiles were quite similar to each other and also there was a close relationship between the two samples of Polygonum with P. avicular. P. hydropiper was observed far from the two samples of P. hyrcanicum in comparison to other samples. Interestingly, P. hyrcanicum, gathered from Veresk, had no close relationship with other pairs of P. hyrcanicum.The results of this study support the phylogenetic relationships among these Polygonum species which was previously reported.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_3881_c4bd14964f103d9f9af660c9f35107bd.pdf
2014-01-01
3
7
P. avicular
P. hydropiper
P. hyrcanicum
P. persicaria
volatile compounds
S.
Saeidnia
1
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
P.
Sarkhail
2
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
F
Moradi-Afrapoli
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.R.
Gohari
4
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Nikan
5
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
N.
Mokhber-Dezfuli
6
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
G.R.
Amin
7
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Hajiakhondi
8
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chitosan (middle-viscous) as an effective elicitor for silymarin production in Silybum marianum hairy root cultures
Elicitation with middle-viscous chitosan (30 mg/50 mL) significantly stimulated silymarin synthesis in Silybum marianum hairy root cultures. The root cultures established by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes AR15834 showed a potential for production of silymarin. Elicitation with medium molecular weight of chitosan (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/50 mL) was used in order to improve silymarin production. Total silymarin increased about 5.26-fold after 96 h of treatment with 30 mg/50 mL chitosan. Dry weight of the hairy roots reached the highest point (0.530 and 0.535 g) after 96 h in presence of 20 and 30 mg/50 mL chitosan, respectively. Five different flavonolignans were isolated; taxifolin, silychristin, silydianin, silybin and isosilybin) 0.133, 0.200, 0.120, 0.041 and 0.056 mg/g dry weight, respectively). 30 days old hairy roots were treated by 30 mg/50 mL chitosan in different times (12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h). The amount of silymarin accumulation significantly increased (0.705 mg/gDW) in hairy roots after 96 h treatment. These observations suggested that the medium molecular weight of chitosan could be elicited by S. marianum hairy root cultures that lead to the higher production of silymarin. These results correlated with the culture time, and the biosynthesis which reached to a maximum of 0.705 mg/gDW by 96 h after culture. (2.9-fold higher than the control).
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_3902_400f8a26b0320a137aeaecc0e0554546.pdf
2014-01-01
9
13
Biotechnology
Flavonolignans
In vitro
Silymarin
Silybum marianum
T.
Hasanloo
1
Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P. O. Box: 31535-1897, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Eskandari
2
Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P. O. Box: 31535-1897, Karaj, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Najafi
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-inflammatory effect, total polysaccharide, total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of three basidiomycetes
Inflammation is a part of the non-specific immune response which occurs in reaction to any type of injury. Medicinal mushrooms have had application in various disorders including cancer, liver injuries, inflammation and diabetes. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extracts of medicinal mushrooms (Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma applanatum and Trametes hirsuta) were evaluated using carrageenan method. In addition, total polysaccharide, total phenolics contents and the radical scavenging activity of the extracts have also been examined. Mushrooms were extracted with distilled water in 100 °C for 4 hours and then the extracts were freeze dried. Indomethacin was considered as the positive control in the anti-inflammatory evaluation. Polysaccharide contents of F. fomentarius, G. applanatum, and T. hirsuta extracts were assessed as 53.3±0.2, 31.7±0.03, and 19.1±0.6 glucose equivalent µg/100 µgEXT and total phenolic contents of them were successfully revealed as 9.9±0.2, 8.2±0.1, and 8.8±0.2 µgGAE/100 µgEXT, respectively. Furthermore, the IC50 values for F. fomentarius, G. applanatum, and T. hirsuta extracts in DPPH assay, were calculated as 90.9, 108.6, and 908.3 µg/mL, respectively. The results of the experiment showed that the extracts possessed potent anti-inflammatory effect which was comparable to indomethacin.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_3903_00ee741f034e020c23c16ce75e000da3.pdf
2014-01-01
15
21
anti-inflammatory
Antioxidant
basidoimycetes
Total Phenol
total polysaccharide
M.
Vazirian
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Dianat
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Manayi
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Ziari
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Mousazadeh
5
Agriculture and Natural Research Center of Mazandaran, Passand Forest and Rangeland Research Station, P.O. Box 167, Behshahr, Iran.
AUTHOR
E.
Habibi
6
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Saeidnia
7
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Y.
Amanzadeh
8
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification of amino acids in Securigera securidaca, a popular medicinal herb in Iranian folk medicine
Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dorfl grows in different parts of Iran. The seeds of the species are used in Iranian folk medicine as an anti-diabetic agent. Many studies have established hypoglycemic effects of amino acids and in the present investigation, amino acids of Securigera securidaca seeds have been evaluated. The ground seeds were extracted using petroleum ether, hot ethanol and ethanol 50%, respectively. ethanol 50% extract was chromatographed over cation exchanging resin and the resulting amino acid fraction was subjected to HPLC after OPA derivatization and the amino acids were identified by comparing to standards. The results evidenced the presence of 19 amino acids in the plant extract including alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine. Considering the role of some amino acids in diabetes the above amino acids could be noted as hypoglycemic agents of the plant seeds but further studies are necessary.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_3905_bbac27d5aca927737db112abc9190b3a.pdf
2014-01-01
23
26
Amino acid
HPLC
Ion Exchange Chromatography
Securigera securidaca
S.E.
Sadat-Ebrahimi
1
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Hassanpoor Mir
2
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
G.R.
Amin
3
Department of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Hajimehdipoor
4
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey of cytotoxic effects of some marine algae in the Chabahar coast of Oman Sea
Iran has 1260 km of coastline that borders the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea in the northwest Indian Ocean. Marine algae are one of the natural resources in the marine ecosystem which produce a wide range of new secondary metabolites with various biological activities that play an important role in the pharmaceutical care. In this study the cytotoxic activity of 28 marine algae of Chabahar coast was assessed against 5 cell lines including MCF-7, HepG-2, A-549, HT-29 and MDBK, through MTT assay. The methanol extract of the algae did not show cytotoxicity against any of the tested cell lines up to 100 μg/mL concentration, except for Jania adhaerens (IC50 85.03 µg/mL) against MCF-7 cells.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_3906_334f81899804ec818cbd3c82197f71ab.pdf
2014-01-01
27
31
Cytotoxicity
Jania adhaerens
Marine algae
MTT assay
M.
Mosaddegh
1
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.M.
Gharanjik
2
Offshore Waters Research Center, Chabahar, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Naghibi
3
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Esmaeili
4
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Pirani
5
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Eslami Tehrani
6
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Keramatian
7
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Hassanpour
8
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of three Centaurea species
Factors such as oxidative stress and reduced acetylcholine level have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and recently there has been a trend towards natural product research to find potential sources of antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the plants kingdom. Centaurea is a genus with about 500 species world wild, many of them have shown to possess biologic activity; Centaurea albonites, C. aucheri and C. pseudoscabiosa are three species which little investigation has been carried out about their biological properties. In the present study, the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the above mentioned species have been evaluated. The ability of the total extract and methanol fraction of the plants to scavenge free radicals has been assessed through DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory property has been evaluated by Ellman method. The total extract of all species exhibited moderate antioxidant activity whereas the extracts of C. pseudoscabiosa showed the strongest antioxidant property; its total extract also demonstrated the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity among the evaluated samples (19.2% inhibition). The results suggest the species as potential sources of natural antioxidants which could be focused in future studies of Alzheimer’s disease.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_3908_260742439cd98f8e5c5014fb5055f2d2.pdf
2014-01-01
33
37
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Antioxidant
Centaurea
DPPH
Ellman
H.
Hajimehdipoor
1
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Naghibi
2
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Bandidarian
3
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Moazzeni Zehan
4
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Pirani
5
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Hamzeloo-Moghadam
6
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vitro antifungal activity of four medicinal plants used in Iranian Traditional Medicine
Evaluating the in vitro antifungal activity of Phlomis lanceolata, Rhynchocorys elephas, Otostegia persica and Eremurus persicus, four species used in Iranian Traditional Medicine, has been performed on the clinical isolates of the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. verrucosum, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum and the yeast Candida albicans. The susceptibility tests were done by agar disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of active extracts and sub-fractions were measured using the method of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Among the investigated species, P. lanceolata sub-fractions were found to have fungicidal activity. The MIC and MFC was found to be considerable in petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions (100 and 200 mg/mL) against the studied fungi and the yeast Candida albicans. The species appears to be a promising remedy for fungal based diseases, yet further studies are necessary.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_3911_c8d70f8a57215c2b4ae19b5c0f8cff70.pdf
2014-01-01
39
43
Antifungal activity
Eremurus persicus
Otostegia persica
Phlomis lanceolata
Rhyncocorys elephas
S.J.
Hashemi
1
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
J.
Asgarpanah
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad
University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Z.
Alaee
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad
University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Sadeghian
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad
University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Hasani
5
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad
University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Azimi
6
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad
University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Ruta graveolens L. extract on inhibition of lipid peroxidation and DPPH radicals and the effects of some external factors on plant extract's potency.
The antioxidant properties of Ruta graveolens L. were evaluated by two different methods; free radical scavenging using DPPH and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the ferric thiocyanate method. The IC50 value of the methanol extract in DPPH inhibition was 200.5 μg/mL which was acceptable in comparison with BHT (41.8 μg/mL). In thiocyanate method, the plant extract demonstrated activity as much as BHT in prevention of lipid peroxidation. Increasing the temperature during extraction, significantly decreased the extract power in inhibition of DPPH radicals. The storage time and temperature had no effect on lipid peroxidation inhibition.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_3912_44451e36fc0fd4fd8de17c049a866a7f.pdf
2014-01-01
45
50
Antioxidant
Extract
Ruta graveolens L
Storage time
Temperature
S.
Mohammadi- Motamed
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Shahidi-Motlagh
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Bagherzadeh
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Azad Forouz
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Tafazoli
5
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR