ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ATR-IR fingerprinting as a powerful method for identification of traditional medicine samples: a report of 20 herbal patterns
Background and objectives: Attenuated total reflectance-inferared (ATR-IR) spectra can be used as a non-invasive fingerprinting approach in quality control of herbal samples. Methods: Twenty versatile herbal samples were subjected to attenuated total reflectance-inferared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy followed by different clustering methods in order to determine by which method more reasonable classifications would be obtained. Results: All classification methods (K-means, HCA, PCA and SOM) were able to discriminate the two medicinal seeds, Hyocyamus niger and Peganum harmala from other herbal samples. Similarly, the starch samples were clustered in a reasonable method. In HCA, one cluster included three types of starch samples: Zea mays, Oryza sativa and Triticum aestivum. All the four classification methods were able to separate Solanum tuberosum starch from other starch samples. HCA and SOM, were able to classify leaf samples Origanum vulgare and Melissa officinalis belonging to Lamiaceae family, in one category. Crocus sativus and its adulterant Carthamus tinctorius flowers were identified by PCA, HCA and SOM as different categories. Conclusion: The result of this study can be utilized for identification and quality control of traditionally used medicinal plant samples in an unknown sample powder. Such data could be the basis for preparing a data bank on Iranian medicinal samples which in turn is used as a simple, fast and reliable method for characterization of herbal powders in Pharmacopoeias.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_9947_90d5a0ca829cc480814dc98e1c0c583f.pdf
2015-07-01
1
8
ATR-IR
fingerprint
medicinal plants
traditional medicine
A.
Sakhteman
1
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Keshavarz
2
Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Mohagheghzadeh
3
Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Cordell GA, Colvard MD. Natural products and traditional medicine: turning on a paradigm. J Nat Prod. 2012; 75(3) :514-525.
1
[2] Kokalj M, Kolar J, Trafela T, Kreft S. Finding the most appropriate IR technique for plant species identification. Planta Med. 2011; 77: 38.
2
[3] Turner NW, Cauchi M, Piletska EV, Preston C, Piletsky SA. Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of opiates in extract of poppy head via FTIR and chemometrics: towards in-field sensors. Biosens Bioelectron. 2009; 24(11): 3322-3328.
3
[4] Lai Y, Ni Y, Kokot S. Classification of raw and roasted Semen Cassiae samples with the use of Fourier transform infrared fingerprints and least squares support vector machines. Appl Spectrosc. 2010; 64(6): 649-656.
4
[5] Deconinck E, Cauwenbergh T, Bothy JL, Custers D, Courselle P, De Beer JO. Detection of sibutramine in adulterated dietary supplements using attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy. J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2014; 100: 279-283.
5
[6] Samadi, Theodoridou K, Yu P. Detect the sensitivity and response of protein molecular structure of whole canola seed (yellow and brown) to different heat processing methods and relation to protein utilization and availability using ATR-FT/IR molecular spectroscopy with chemometrics. Spectrochim Acta A. 2013; 105: 304-313.
6
[7] Ghasemi Dehkordi N. Most commonly used medicinal plants: microscopic and macroscopic quality control. Isfahan: Chaharbagh Pub., 2014.
7
[8] Upton R, Graff A, Jolliffe G, Länger R, Williamson E. American herbal pharmacopoeia: botanical pharmacognossy-microscopic characterization of botanical medicines. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.
8
[9] Eschrich W. Pulver-atlas der drogen der deutschsprachigen arzneibücher. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, 2003.
9
[10] Li T, Zhang H. Application of microscopy in authentication of traditional Tibetan medicinal plants of five Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) alpine species by comparative anatomy and micromorphology. Microsc Res Techniq. 2008; 71(6): 448-458.
10
[11] Steinley D. K-means clustering: a half-century synthesis. Br J Math Stat Psychol. 2006; 59(Pt 1): 1-34.
11
[12] Li HJ, Jiang Y, Li P. Characterizing distribution of steroidal alkaloids in Fritillaria spp. and related compound formulas by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with hierarchial cluster analysis. J Chromatogr A. 2009; 1216(11): 2142-2149.
12
[13] Sundaram J, Park B, Hinton A, Yoon SC, Windham WR, Lawrence KC. Classification and structural analysis of live and dead Salmonella cells using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis. J Agric Food Chem. 2012; 60(4): 991-1004.
13
[14] Milano Chemometrics and QSAR Research. Kohonen and CP-ANN toolbox for MATLAB, version 2.0.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative evaluation of curcumin and curcumin loaded- dendrosome nanoparticle effects on the viability of SW480 colon carcinoma and Huh7 hepatoma cells
Background and objectives: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and a major cause of morbidity globally. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of death in the world. About 80% of all anticancer drugs are somehow related to natural products. One of the most important of these natural compounds is curcumin, the main component of turmeric that has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Curcumin has been found to suppress cell proliferation and decrease cell viability in various types of cancer cells; however, owing to lack of aqueous solubility, curcumin has shown reduced bioavailability in studies. Recent studies have shown that new 400th generation of dendrosome nanoparticle can increase bioavailability of curcumin and thus enhance the cytotoxic properties. The aim of this study was to determine effectiveness of curcumin alone and in combination with 400th generation dendrosome nanoparticles (DNC) on cell viability rate in SW480 and Huh7 cells. Methods: SW480 and Huh7 cells were incubated with different concentrations of curcumin and DNC (0-50μM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Then cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and IC50 was determined. Results: The results suggested that the concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of DNC was stronger than curcumin on SW480 and Huh7 cells. Conclusion: The results suggest DNC as a more effective herbal anticancer agent for colorectal and hepatocellular tumors.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_9948_57d0ca93a723a7807a987a0bf5526132.pdf
2015-07-01
9
16
colorectal cancer
curcumin
dendrosomal curcumin
Hepatocellular carcinoma
MTT assay
M.J.
Dehghan Esmatabadi
1
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Sarkandi
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Motaleb Zadeh
3
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
G.
Khaledi
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Modern Sciences, Medical Branch of Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Montazeri
5
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
H. S.
Zahed Shekarabi
6
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Y.
Ayoubi Hormoz
7
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
E.
Ali Asgari
8
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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[18] Kim K, Kim KH, Kim HY, Cho HK, Sakamoto N, Cheong J. Curcumin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication via suppressing the Akt-SREBP-1 pathway. Febs Letters. 2010; 584(4): 707-712.
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[19] Anand P, Nair HB, Sung B, Kunnumakkara AB, Yadav VR, Tekmal RR, Aggarwal BB. Design of curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles formulation with enhanced cellular uptake, and increased bioactivity in vitro and superior bioavailability in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010; 79(3): 330-338.
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[20] Kim HJ, Park SY, Park OJ, Kim YM. Curcumin suppresses migration and proliferation of Hep3B hepatocarcinoma cells through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2013; 8(1): 282-286.
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[21] Babaei E, Sadeghizadeh M, Hassan ZM, Feizi MAH, Najafi F, Hashemi SM. Dendrosomal curcumin significantly suppresses cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012; 12(1): 226-234.
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[22] Sadeghizadeh M, Ranjbar B, Damaghi M, Khaki L, Sarbolouki MN, Najafi F. Dendrosomes as novel gene porters-III. J Chemi Technol Biotechnol. 2008; 83(6): 912-920.
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[23] Sarbolouki MN, Sadeghizadeh M, Yaghoobi MM, Karami A, Lohrasbi T. Dendrosomes: a novel family of vehicles for transfection and therapy. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2000; 75(10): 919-922.
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[24] Tahmasebi Mirgani M, Isacchi B, Sadeghizadeh M, Marra F, Bilia AR, Mowla SJ, Najafi F, Babaei E. Dendrosomal-curcumin nano formulation downregulates pluripotency genes via miR-145 activation in U87MG glioblastoma cells.Int J Nanomed. 2013; 9: 403-417.
24
[25] Gou M, Men K, Shi H, Xiang M, Zhang J, Song J, Long J, Wan Y, Luo F, Zhao X, Qian Z. Curcumin-loaded biodegradable polymeric micelles for colon cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo. Nanoscale. 2011; 3(4): 1558-1567.
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[27] Sebaugh JL. Guidelines for accurate EC50/IC50 estimation. Pharm Stat. 2011; 10(2): 128-134.
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[29] Chen HW, Lee JY, Huang JY, Wang CC, Chen WJ, Su SF, Huang CW, Ho CC, Chen JJ, Tsai MF, Yu SL, Yang PC. Curcumin inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis through the tumor suppressor HLJ1. Cancer Res. 2008; 68(18): 7428-7438.
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Flavonoids from the leaves of Iranian Linden; Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica
Background and objectives: Plants belonging to the genus Tilia L. (Tiliaceae) are often tall beautiful trees which are considered for various medicinal potentials of their flowers and leaves. The present study was an attempt to investigate the phytochemical constituents of Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica leaves from the hyrcanian forests of north of Iran. Methods: Chromatography on Silica gel (normal and reversed-phase) and Sephadex LH20 was applied for isolation and purification of the compounds from the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant leaves. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral analyses. Results: Four flavonoid glycosides, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (petiolaroside), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (quercitrin), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (cosmosiin) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (cynaroside) were isolated from T. rubra subsp. caucasica leaves, which have been previously documented for their various biological activities. Conclusion: The results of this study introduc T. rubra subsp. caucasica as a source of bioactive flavonoid glycosides and highlight it as an appropriate option for further pharmacognostical studies.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_9949_07c1e10763667241dec404c2fd97908b.pdf
2015-07-01
17
22
Flavonoid
linden
namdar
Tiliaceae
Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica
M.R.
Delnavazi
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Shahabi
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
N.
Yassa
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Radoglou K, Dobrowolska D, Spyroglou G, Nicolescu V. A review on the ecology and silviculture of limes (Tilia cordata Mill., Tilia platyphyllos Scop. and Tilia tomentosa Moench.) in Europe. Die Bodenkultur. 2009; 9(60): 9-19.
1
[2] Kew: The Plant List database. Version 1.1; Available from: http://www.theplantlist.org/.
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[3] Browičz K. Tiliaceae in KH. Rechinger (ed.) Flora Iranica no: 148. Graz: Akademische Druck-u Verlagsanstalt, 1981.
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[4] Zare H, Amini T, Assadi M. A review of the genus Tilia L. (Tiliaceae) in Iran, new records and new species. Iran J Bot. 2012; 18(2): 175-190.
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[6] Blumenthal M, Busse W, Goldberg A, Gruenwaid J, Hall T, Klein S, Riggins C, Rister R. The complete German commission E monographs: therapeutic guide to herbal medicines. Austin: American Botanical Council, 1998.
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[7] Amin GR. Popular medicinal plants of Iran. Tehran: Iranian Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, 1991.
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[8] Parsa A. Medicinal plants and drugs of plant origin in Iran. IV. Plant Food Hum Nutr. 1960; 7(1): 65-136.
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[9] Pietta P, Mauri P, Bruno A, Zini L. High-performance liquid chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography of flavonol glycosides from Tilia. J Chromatogr A. 1993; 638(2): 357-361.
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[10] Negri G, Santi D, Tabach R. Flavonol glycosides found in hydroethanolic extracts from Tilia cordata, a species utilized as anxiolytics. Rev Bras Plantas Med. 2013; 15(2): 217-224.
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[11] Aguirre-Hernández E, González-Trujano ME, Martínez AL, Moreno J, Kite G, Terrazas T, Soto-Hernández M. HPLC/MS analysis and anxiolytic-like effect of quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids from Tilia americana var. mexicana. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 127(1): 91-97.
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[12] Martínez AL, González-Trujano ME, Aguirre-Hernández E, Moreno J, Soto-Hernández M, López-Muñoz FJ. Antinociceptive activity of Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences and quercetin in the formalin test and in an arthritic pain model in rats. Neuropharmacology. 2009; 56(2): 564-571.
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[13] Toker G, Aslan M, Yeşilada E, Memişoğlu M, Ito S. Comparative evaluation of the flavonoid content in officinal Tiliae flos and Turkish lime species for quality assessment. J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2001; 26(1): 111-121.
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[14] Mabry TJ, Markham KR, Thomas MB. The systematic identification of flavonoids. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970.
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[15] Kim AR, Ko HJ, Chowdhury MA, Chang YS, Woo ER. Chemical constituents on the aerial parts of Artemisia selengensis and their IL-6 inhibitory activity. Arch Pharm Res. in press.
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[16] Su YQ, Shen YH, Tang J, Zhang WD. Chemical constituents of Incarvillea mairei var. grandiflora. Chem Nat Compd. 2010; 46(1): 109-111.
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[17] Lee JH, Park KH, Lee MH, Kim HT, Seo WD, Kim JY, Baek IY, Jang DS, Ha TJ. Identification, characterization, and quantification of phenolic compounds in the antioxidant activity-containing fraction from the seeds of Korean Perilla (Perilla frutescens) cultivars. Food Chem. 2013; 136(2): 843-852.
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[18] Yassa N, Saeidnia S, Pirouzi R, Akbaripour M, Shafiee A. Three phenolic glycosides and immunological properties of Achillea millefolium from Iran, population of Golestan. Daru J Pharm Sci. 2007; 15(1): 49-52.
18
[19] Akyuz E, Şahin H, Islamoglu F, Kolayli S, Sandra P. Evaluation of phenolic compounds in Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica by HPLC-UV and HPLC-UV-MS/MS. Int J Food Prop. 2014; 17(2): 331-343.
19
[20] Loscalzo LM, Wasowski C, Marder M. Neuroactive flavonoid glycosides from Tilia petiolaris DC extracts. Phytother Res. 2009; 23(10): 1453-1457.
20
[21] Wagner C, Fachinetto R, Dalla Corte CL, Brito VB, Severo D, Dias G, Morel AF, Nogueira CW, Rocha JB. Quercitrin, a glycoside form of quercetin, prevents lipid peroxidation in vitro. Brain Res. 2006; 1107(1): 192-198.
21
[22] Camuesco D, Comalada M, Rodríguez‐Cabezas ME, Nieto A, Lorente MD, Concha A, Zarzuelo A, Gálvez J. The intestinal anti‐inflammatory effect of quercitrin is associated with an inhibition in iNOS expression. Brit J Pharmacol. 2004; 143(7): 908-918.
22
[23] Gadotti VM, Santos AR, Meyre‐Silva C, Schmeling LO, Machado C, Liz FH. Antinociceptive action of the extract and the flavonoid quercitrin isolated from Bauhinia microstachya leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005; 57(10): 1345-1351.
23
[24] Babujanarthanam R, Kavitha P, Pandian MR. Quercitrin, a bioflavonoid improves glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic tissues by altering glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes. Fund Clin pharmacol. 2010; 24(3): 357-364.
24
[25] Muzitano MF, Cruz EA, Almeida AP, Da Silva SA, Kaiser CR, Guette C, Rossi-Bergmann B, Costa SS. Quercitrin: an antileishmanial flavonoid glycoside from Kalanchoe pinnata. Planta Med. 2006; 72(1): 81-83.
25
[26] Galvez J, Crespo M, Jimenez J, Suarez A, Zarzuelo A. Antidiarrhoeic activity of quercitrin in mice and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1993; 45(2): 157-159.
26
[27] Rao YK, Lee MJ, Chen K, Lee YC, Wu WS, Tzeng YM. Insulin-mimetic action of rhoifolin and cosmosiin isolated from Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck leaves: enhanced adiponectin secretion and insulin receptor phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 cells. Evid-Based Compl Alt. 2011; 1-9.
27
[28] Shimizu M, Ito T, Terashima S, Hayashi T, Arisawa M, Morita N, Kurokawa S, Ito K, Hashimoto Y. Inhibition of lens aldose reductase by flavonoids. Phytochemistry. 1984; 23(9): 1885-1888.
28
[29] Burda S, Oleszek W. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of flavonoids. J Agr Food Chem. 2001; 49(6): 2774-2779.
29
[30] Park CM, Song YS. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses through modulation of NF-κB/AP-1/PI3K-Akt signaling cascades in RAW 2647 cells. Nutr Res Pract. 2013; 7(6): 423-429.
30
[31] Kim JS, Kwon CS, Son KH. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and amylase by luteolin, a flavonoid. Biosci Biotech Bioch. 2000; 64(11): 2458-2461.
31
[32] Jin M, Yang JH, Lee E, Lu Y, Kwon S, Son KH, Son JK, Chang HW. Antiasthmatic activity of luteolin-7-O-glucoside from Ailanthus altissima through the down-regulation of T helper 2 cytokine expression and inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009; 32(9):1500-1503.
32
[33] Akroum S, Bendjeddou D, Satta D, Lalaoui K. Antibacterial activity and acute toxicity effect of flavonoids extracted from Mentha longifolia. Am-Euras J Sci Res. 2009; 4(2): 93-96.
33
[34] Baskar AA, Ignacimuthu S, Michael GP, Al Numair KS. Cancer chemopreventive potential of luteolin-7-O-glucoside isolated from Ophiorrhiza mungos Linn. Nutr Cancer. 2011; 63(1): 130-138.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synergic antibacterial activity of some essential oils from Lamiaceae
Background and objectives: Despite the vast production of new antibiotics in the last three decades, resistance to these drugs by microorganisms has increased and essential oils (EOs) have been recognized to possess antimicrobial properties. Methods: In the present study, EOs obtained from aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Mentha piperita L., were evaluated for their single and binary combined antibacterial activities against four Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The results exhibited that some of the tested essential oils revealed antibacterial activities against the examined pathogens using broth microdilution method. Maximum activity of the testedessential oils was obtained from the combination of T. vulgaris and M. piperita essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC= 0.625 mg/mL). Conclusion: Combinations of the essential oils in this study showed synergic action against some pathogenic microorganisms which could be considered in medical and food industries as preservatives.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_9950_61b6b3d7b0fb758a6870de56061e7cd9.pdf
2015-07-01
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29
Lavandula angustifolia
Mentha piperita
Rosmarinus officinalis
synergic antibacterial activity
Thymus vulgaris
Sh.
Fahimi
1
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Hajimehdipoor
2
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Shabanpoor
3
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Bagheri
4
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Shekarchi
5
Food and Drug control Laboratories & Food and drug Laboratory Research Center, MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Soković M, Glamočlija J, Marin PD, Brkić D, van Griensven LJ. Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model. Molecules. 2010; 15(11): 7532-7346.
1
[2] Nascimento GG, Locatelli J, Freitas PC, Silva GL. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Braz J Microbiol. 2000; 31(4): 247-256.
2
[3] Fu Y, Zu Y, Chen L, Shi X, Wang Z, Sun S, Efferth T. Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination. Phytother Res. 2007; 21(10): 989-994.
3
[4] Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 94(3): 223-253.
4
[5] Al-Bayati FA. Synergistic antibacterial activity between Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinella anisum essential oils and methanol extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 116(3): 403-406.
5
[6] Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M, Mohammadi Motamed M, Ghorbani A. Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran: from ethnobotany to pharmacology. Iran J Pharm Res. 2005; 4(2): 63-79.
6
[7] Hussain AI, Anwar F, Nigam PS, Sarker SD, Moore JE, Rao JR, Mazumdar A. Antibacterial activity of some Lamiaceae essential oils using resazurin as an indicator of cell growth. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 2011; 44(4): 1199-1206.
7
[8] Eteghad SS, Mirzaei H, Pour SF, Kahnamui S. Inhibitory effects of endemic Thymus vulgaris and Mentha piperita essential oils on Escherichia coli O157:H7. Res J Biol Sci. 2009; 4(3): 340-344.
8
[9] Imelouane B, Amhamdi H, Wathelet J-P, Ankit M, Khedid K, El Bachiri A. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) from Eastern Morocco. Int J Agric Biol. 2009; 11(2): 205-208.
9
[10] Evandri M, Battinelli L, Daniele C, Mastrangelo S, Bolle P, Mazzanti G. The antimutagenic activity of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005; 43(9): 1381-1387.
10
[11] Fakhari AR, Salehi P, Heydari R, Ebrahimi SN, Haddad PR. Hydrodistillation-headspace solvent microextraction, a new method for analysis of the essential oil components of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. J Chromatogr. 2005; 1098(1): 14-18.
11
[12] Cavanagh H, Wilkinson J. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res. 2002; 16(4): 301-308.
12
[13] Pintore G, Usai M, Bradesi P, Juliano C, Boatto G, Tomi F, Chessa M, Cerri R, Casanova J. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. oils from Sardinia and Corsica. Flavour Frag J. 2002; 17(1): 15-19.
13
[14] Okoh O, Sadimenko A, Afolayan A. Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction methods. Food Chem. 2010; 120(1): 308-312.
14
[15] McKay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytother Res. 2006; 20(8): 619-633.
15
[16] Iscan G, Krimer N, Kürkcüoglu Mn, Baser KH, Demirci F. Antimicrobial screening of Mentha piperita essential oils. J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50(14): 3943-3946.
16
[17] Pattnaik S, Sabramanyam VR, Kole C. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of ten essential oils in vitro. Microbios. 1996; 86(349): 237–246.
17
[18] Yadegarinia D, Gachkar L, Rezaei MB, Taghizadeh M, Astaneh SA, Rasooli I. Biochemical activities of Iranian Mentha piperita L. and Myrtus communis L. essential oils. Phytochemistry. 2006; 67(12): 1249-1255.
18
[19] Sobero´n JR, Sgariglia MA, Sampietro DA, Quiroga EN, Vattuone MA. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts from northwestern Argentina. J App Microbiol. 2007; 102(6): 1450-1461.
19
[20] Rota MC, Herrera A, Martínez RM, Sotomayor JA, Jordán MJ. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils. Food Control. 2008; 19(7): 681-687.
20
[21] Soković M, Marin PD, Brkić D, Van Griensven L. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of ten aromatic plants against human pathogenic bacteria. Food. 2007; 1(1): 1-7.
21
[22] Goñi P, López P, Sánchez C, Gómez-Lus R, Becerril R, Nerín C. Antimicrobial activity in the vapour phase of a combination of cinnamon and clove essential oils. Food Chem. 2009; 116(4): 982-989.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the effect of Dracocephalum kotschyi methanol extract on Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Background and objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is the major public health problem in the world. Each year there are 2-3 million deaths worldwide caused by TB. The increasing incidence of Multi Drug Resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) worldwide highlights the urgent need to search for new anti-tuberculosis compounds. It has been reported that medicinal plant, Dracocephalum kotschyi, possesses some antibacterial effect, thus in the present study its anti-mycobacterial property was evaluated. Methods: The sensitivity and resistance of M. tuberculosis strains at concentration of 0.2 µg/mL isoniazid was determined by proportion method. Methanol extract of D. kotschyi was prepared using maceration method. Six concentrations of D. kotschyi, including 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 and 640μg/mL were prepared and its anti-mycobacterial effect on four groups of M. tuberculosis including M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294), isoniazid susceptible and resistance and MDR strains was determined. Results: The methanol extract of D. kotschyi was significantly against M. tuberculosis. The percent of growthwas decreased from 100% to 0% in M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294), isoniazid resistant and isoniazid susceptible strains but from 100% to 50% in MDR strain in 640 μg/mL concentration. Conclusion: The results showed that different concentrations of D. kotschyi methanol extracts showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on M. tuberculosis. Identification of the effective fraction of D. kotschyi against M. tuberculosis is a further step to be studied.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_9951_b330e33a91ef067301479c9f64b73233.pdf
2015-07-01
31
36
Dracocephalum kotschyi
Isoniazid
Methanol extract
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
G.
Asghari
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Nasr Esfahani
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
P.
Paydar
3
Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Flynn JL, Chan J, Triebold KJ, Dalton DK, Stewart TA, Bloom BR. An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med. 1993; 178(6): 2249-2254.
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[2] World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2013. Available from: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/.
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[3] Gandhi NR, Moll A, Sturm AW, Pawinski R, Govender T, Lalloo U, Zeller K, Andrews J, Friedland G. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. Lancet. 2006; 368(9547): 1575-1580.
3
[4] Shin S, Pasechnikov A, Gelmanova I, Peremitin G, Strelis A, Mishustin S, Barnashov A, Karpeichik Y, Andreev YG, Golubchikova VT, Tonkel TP, Yanova GV, Yedilbayev A, Rich ML, Mukherjee JS, Furin JJ, Atwood S, Farmer PE, Keshavjee S. Adverse reactions among patients being treated for MDR-TB in Tomsk, Russia. Int J Tuberc Lung D. 2007; 11(12): 1314-1320.
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[5] Mitnick C, Bayona J, Palacios E, Shin S, Furin J, Alcántara F. Community-based therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Lima, Peru. New Engl J Med. 2003; 348(2): 119-128.
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[6] Zhang Y, Yew W. Mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung D. 2009; 13(11): 1320-1330.
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[7] Scarparo C, Ricordi P, Ruggiero G, Piccoli P. Evaluation of the fully automated BACTEC MGIT 960 system for testing susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide, streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol and comparison with the radiometric BACTEC 460TB method. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(3): 1109-1114.
7
[8] Moghaddam G, Ebrahimi SA, Rahbar‐Roshandel N, Foroumadi A. Antiproliferative activity of flavonoids: influence of the sequential methoxylation state of the flavonoid structure. Phytother Res. 2012; 26(7): 1023-1028.
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[9] Serkani JE, Isfahani BN, Safaei HG, Kermanshahi RK, Asghari G. Evaluation of the effect of Humulus lupulus alcoholic extract on rifampin-sensitive and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Res Pharm Sci. 2012; 7(4): 235-242.
9
[10] Houghton PJ. The role of plants in traditional medicine and current therapy. J Altern Complem Med. 1995; 1(2): 131-143.
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[11] Faham N, Javidnia K, Bahmani M, Amirghofran Z. Calycopterin, an immunoinhibitory compound from the extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi. Phytother Res. 2008; 22(9): 1154-1158.
11
[12] Sajjadi SE, Atar AM, Yektaian A. Antihyperlipidemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract, and polyphenolic fraction from Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Pharm Acta Helv. 1998; 3(3): 167-170.
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[13] Mirheydar H. Maaref Giahi (Plant Knowledge). Tehran: Farhange Eslami Publication, 1995.
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[14] Amirghofran Z, Azadbakht M, Karimi MH. Evaluation of the immune-modulatory effects of five herbal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 72(1): 167-172.
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[15] Cordell GA, Beecher CW, Pezzuto JM. Can ethnopharmacology contribute to the development of new anticancer drugs? J Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 32(1): 117-133.
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[16] Telepova M, Budantzev A, Shavarda A. A comparative-study of nature of terpens within the secretory organs of leaves in some species of Dracocephalum (Labiatae). B Soc Bot Fr-Lett. 1992; 139(3): 247-264.
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[17] Rechinger KH. Flora iranica, Linaceae. No. 106. Graz: Akademische Druck-u Verlagsanstalt, 1974.
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[18] Golshani S, Karamkhani F, Monsef-Esfehani HR, Abdollahi M. Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi in the mouse writhing test. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2004; 7(1): 76-79.
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[19] Yaghmai MS, Taffazoli R. The essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Flavour Frag J. 1988; 3(1): 33-36.
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[20] Saeidniaa S, Goharia AR, Itob M, Kiuchic F, Hondab G. Bioactive constituents from Dracocephalum subcapitatum (O. Kuntze). Z Naturforsch C. 2005; 60(1-2): 22-24.
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[21] Astulla A, Zaima K, Matsuno Y, Hirasawa Y, Ekasari W, Widyawaruyanti A, Cholies Zaini N, Morita H. Alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala showing antiplasmodial and vaso-relaxant activities. J Nat Med. 2008; 62(4): 470-472.
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[22] Saeidnia S, Gohari AR, Uchiyama N, Ito M, Honda G, Kiuchi F. Two new monoterpene glycosides and trypanocidal terpenoids from Dracocephalum kotschyi. Chem Pharm Bull. 2004; 52(10): 1249-1501.
22
[23] Saeidnia S, Gohari AR, Hadjiakhoondi A, Shafiee A. Bioactive compounds of the volatile oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi. Z Naturforsch C. 2007; 62(11-12): 793-796.
23
[24] Jahaniani F, Ebrahimi SA, Rahbar-Roshandel N, Mahmoudian M. Xanthomicrol is the main cytotoxic component of Dracocephalum kotschyii and a potential anti-cancer agent. Phytochemistry. 2005; 66(13): 1581-1592.
24
[25] Sahoo Y, Pattnaik S, Chand P. In vitro clonal propagation of an aromatic medicinal herb Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) by axillary shoot proliferation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant .1997; 33(4): 293-296.
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[26] Begum F, Amin M, Azad M. In vitro rapid clonal propagation of Ocimum basilicum L. Plant tissue cult. 2002; 12(1): 27-35.
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[27] Singh NK, Sehgal C. Micropropagation of ‘Holy Basil’ (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) from young inflorescences of mature plants. Plant Growth Regul. 1999; 29(3): 161-166.
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[28] Parsons LM, Salfinger M, Clobridge A, Dormandy J, Mirabello L, Polletta VL, Sanic A, Sinyavskiy O, Larsen SC, Driscoll J, Zickas G, Taber HW. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to both isoniazid and ethambutol. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005; 49(6): 2218-2225.
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[29] Amin M, Segatoleslami S, Hashemzadeh M. Antimycobacterial activity of partial purified extract of Allium ascalonicum. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2007; 2(4): 144-147.
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[30] Antony M, James J, Misra CS, Sagadevan L, Veettil AT, Thankamani V. Anti-mycobacterial activity of the plant extracts of Alstonia scholaris. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2012; 4(1): 40-42.
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[31] Nvau J, Oladosu P, Orishadipe A. Antimycobacterial evaluation of some medicinal plants used in plateau state of Nigeria for the treatment of tuberculosis. Abjna. 2011; 2(9): 1270 -1272.
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[32] Canetti G, Fox W, Khomenko AA, Mahler H, Menon N, Mitchison D, Rist N, Šmelev NA. Advances in techniques of testing mycobacterial drug sensitivity and the use of sensitivity tests in tuberculosis control programmes. B World Health Organ. 1969; 41(1): 21-43.
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[35] Asghari G, Keyhanfard N. Seasonal variation of mono-and sesquiterpenoid components in the essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Res J Pharmacogn. 2014; 1(4): 41-47.
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-angiogenesis properties of Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii, a popular ethnic food
Background and objectives: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor survival. Inhibiting angiogenesis could be a mechanism for hindering tumor development. Numerous studies have now been focused on agiogenesis inhibitors and many of such studies have targeted plant materials. In the present study, Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii has been evaluated for anti-angiogenesis properties. Methods: Anti-angiogenesis activity of the plant extracts and fractions has been investigated through wound healing assay in HUV-EC-C cells. The cytotoxic activity has also been evaluated by MTT assay. Results: The methanol extract and the methanol fraction of the corm along with the chloroform fraction of the aerial parts demonstrated to be cytotoxic to HUV-EC-C cells with IC50 values of 27.2, 74.1 and 60.0 μg/mL, respectively while the chloroform fraction of the corm showed the most considerable anti-angiogenesis property among the samples in wound healing assay. Conclusion: Regarding the results of the present study, Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii is suggested for further studies in cancer research evaluations.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_9952_c0c37a54b6374fa8b5a5eaf574166019.pdf
2015-07-01
37
42
Anti-angiogenesis
Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii
HUV-EC-C
MTT assay
wound healing assay
M.
Mosaddegh
1
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Esmaeili
2
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Eslami-Tehrani
3
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Kermatian
4
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Mohebby
5
Food and Drug Organization, MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Hamzeloo-Moghadam
6
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Wu H, Yao Z, Bai X, Du Y, Lin B. Anti-angiogenic activities of chitooligosaccharides. Carbohyd Polym. 2008; 73(1): 105-110.
1
[2] Bian W, Chen F, Bai L, Zhang P, Qin W. Dihydrotanshinone I inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2008; 40(1): 1-6.
2
[3] Lee MS, Moon EJ, Lee SW, Kim MS, Kim KW, Kim YJ. Angiogenic activity of pyruvic acid in in vivo and in vitro angiogenesis models. Cancer Res. 2001; 61(8): 3290-3293.
3
[4] Naghibi F, Khalaj A, Mosaddegh M, Malekmohamadi M, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M. Cytotoxic activity evaluation of some medicinal plants, selected from Iranian Traditional Medicine pharmacopoeia to treat cancer and related disorders. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014; 155(1): 230-239.
4
[5] Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Hajimehdipoor H, Saeidnia S, Atoofi A, Shahrestani R, Read RW, Mosaddegh M. Anti-proliferative activity and apoptotic potential of britannin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Inula aucheriana. Nat Prod Commun. 2012; 7(8): 979-980.
5
[6] Guan JL. Cell migration: developmental methods and protocols. Totowa: Humana Press Inc., 2005.
6
[7] Auerbach R, Lewis R, Shinners B, Kubai L, Akhtar N. Angiogenesis assays: a critical overview. Clin Chem. 2003; 49(1): 32-40.
7
[8] Moshtagh S, Baharara J, Zafar-Balanejad S, Ramezani T. Antiangiogenesis effect of saffron extract (Crocus sativius L.) on a Wistar rat aortic ring model. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2014; 16(3): 79-88.
8
[9] Mousavi M, Baharara J, Shahrokhabadi K. The synergic effects of Crocus Sativus L. and low frequency electromagnetic field on VEGFR2 gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Avicenna J Med Biotechnology. 2014; 6(2): 123-127.
9
[10] Mousavi M, Baharara J, Zafar-Balanezhad S, Shaheokh-Abadi K. Effect of saffron aqua extract on angiogenesis in chick chorioalantoic membrane. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2014; 16(3): 55-58.
10
[11] Umigai N, Tanaka J, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Crocetin, a carotenoid derivative, inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis via suppression of p38 phosphorylation. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2012; 9(2): 102-109.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of Verbascum sublobatum Murb. leaves
Background and objectives: The genus Verbascum, with nearly 360 species, is one of the largest members of Schrophulariacea family. In the Flora of Iran, the genus Verbascum is represented by 43 species among them seventeen plants are endemic. Verbascum species are well known in folk medicine and are widely used for therapeutic purposes. Verbascum sublobatum Murb. grows wildly in north of Iran. Literature review has shown that there is no report on phytochemical investigation about V. Sublobatum leaves. In the present study, phytochemicals of the plants have been isolated and the antioxidant activity of the extracts from leaves of Verbascum sublobatum Murb. has been evaluated. Methods: Dried and powdered plant were extracted with 70% methanol and then partitioned by chloroform, ethyl acetate, and buthanol. The ethyl acetae fraction showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity among the three fractions and was subjected to separation and identification. The separation and purification process were performed using various chromatographic methods. Structural elucidation was carried out on the basis of FT-IR, NMR and UV data. Results: The isolated compounds which had flavonoid structure, were identified as apigenin and luteolin. Conclusion: The isolated compounds have been previously reported from other species of Verbascum which demonstrates the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_9953_c66bdd1728d10283e1b552b056833a50.pdf
2015-07-01
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47
apigenin
Flavonoid
luteolin
schrophulariacea
Verbascum sublobatum
A.R.
Shakeri
1
School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Farokh
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Golestan, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Yuldashev MP. Flavonids of the roots of Verbascum songoricum. Chem Nat Compd.1996; 32(6): 925-931.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A concern on phthalate pollution of herbal extracts/medicines and detection methods
Esters of phthalates, mainly applied as plasticizer, cause several human health and environment hazards. Phthalates are widely used in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, as well as other plastic commercial products, and can penetrate in foods, water dusts, and air leading to ingestion and inhalation exposure followed by skin absorption for human. These compounds cause serious adverse effects on human health like destroying the endocrine system, and consequently developmental alterations and reproductive changes through induction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Some phthalates are able to bio-accumulate in water and have been isolated from aquatic organisms. Mammals and birds may be influenced by these compounds through food chain. Therefore, simple and rapid method for identification and quantification of these compounds is a debate especially for developing countries. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy has been successfully employed to determine and measure these compounds in volatile fractions of the plant or the algal materials without more essential chemical reactions. In this article, a rapid review on phthalate toxicity and related analysis methods to detect them in herbal extracts is presented.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_9954_06bbf5c634fdd668bc44ea681e975d33.pdf
2015-07-01
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alternative substituents
detection methods
environment hazards
phthalates
Plasticizer
A.
Manayi
1
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Saeidnia
2
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
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[5] Manayi A, Saeidnia S, Shekarchi M, Hadjiakhoondi A, Shams Ardekani MR, Khanavi M. Comparative study of the essential oil and hydrolate composition of Lythrum salicaria L. obtained by hydro-distillation and microwave distillation methods. Res J Pharmacogn. 2014; 1(2): 37-42
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[21] Firouzi J, Gohari AR, Rustaiyan A, Larijani K, Saeidnia S. Composition of the essential oil of Nizamuddinia zanardinii, a brown alga collected from Oman Gulf. J Essent Oil Bear Pl. 2013; 16: 689-692.
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