ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation and characterization of phytochemicals of Johrenia paucijuga (DC.) Bornm.
Background and objectives: The genus Johrenia belongs to Umbelliferae family and contains five species that are endemic to Iran. Johrenia paucijuga grows widely in the north-west, west and center of Iran. So far, there has been no research about phytochemistry of J. paucijuga. In the present study, phytochemicals of the plants have been isolated and their structures have been elucidated. Methods: The aerial parts were dried and cut into small pieces, then extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol using perculator apparatus at room temperature. The methanol extract was extracted again with, petroleum ether and butanol. The separation and isolation process was carried out using column (silica gel and Sephadex LH-20) and thin layer chromatographic (TLC) methods. Structure elucidation of the purified compounds were based on ¹H and ¹³C-NMR data, in comparison with those reported in the previous literatures. Results: The isolated compounds from the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of J. paucijuga were identified as β-sitosterol, β- stigmasterol and quercetin. Quercetin is a bioactive flavonoid widely used as a health supplement. β- sitosterol and β-stigmasterol are phytosteroles (plants sterols) with chemical structure similar to that of cholesterol and are sometimes used in treating hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Regarding the valuable biological properties of the isolated compounds, different biological effects could be expected from the plant.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_6326_ded0ba05e9fcedc0bc23b37728c8d98f.pdf
2014-10-01
1
5
β-sitosterol
β-stigmasterol
Johrenia paucijuga
phytochemistry
Quercetin
A.R.
Gohari
1
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Saeidnia
2
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Naseri
3
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Manayi
4
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
I.
Salimikia
5
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.R.
Monsef Esfahani
6
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 100(1): 72-79.
1
[2] Hadavand Mirzaei H, Faraji R, Hooshidari F, Bigdelo M, Rezaei K. Evaluation of phytochemical composition of Opsicarpium insignis Mozaff. From Iran by nano scale injection techniques. Int J Chem Tech Res. 2013; 5(4): 1911-1914.
2
[3] Dogan B, Duran A, Bagci Y, Dinc M, Martin E, Cetin O, Ozturk M. Phylogenetic relationships among the taxa of the genus Johrenia DC.(Apiaceae) from Turkey based on molecular method. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon. 2010; 17(2): 113-120.
3
[4] Gohari AR, Saeidnia S, Shahverdi AR, Yassa N, Malmir M, Mollazade K, Naghinejad AR. Phytochemistry and antimicrobial compounds of Hymenocrater calycinus. Eurasian Asia J Bio Sci. 2009; 3: 64-68.
4
[5] Ahmed Y, Rahman S, Akhtar P, Islam F, Rahman M, Yaakok Z. Isolation of steroids from n-hexane extract of the leaves of Saurauia roxburghii. Int Food Res J. 2013; 20(5): 2939-2943.
5
[6] Kyriakou E, Primikyri A, Charisiadis P, Katsoura M, Gerothanassis IP, Stamatis H, Tzakos AG. Unexpected enzyme-catalyzed regioselective acylation of flavonoid aglycones and rapid product screening. Org Biomol Chem. 2012; 10(1): 1739-1742.
6
[7] Matsuoka K, Nakazawa T, Nakamura A, Honda C, Endo K, Tsukada M. Study of thermodynamic parameters for solubilization of plant sterol and stanol in bile salt micelles. Chem Phys Lipids. 2008; 154(2): 87-93.
7
[8] Awad AB, Fink CS. Phytosterols as anticancer dietary components: evidence and mechanism of action. J Nutr. 2000; 130(9): 2127-2130.
8
[9] Meana MCH, Patni V. Isolation and identification of flavonoid quercetin from Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad. Asian J Exp Sci. 2008; 22(1): 137-142.
9
[10] Muhit MdA, Tareq SM, Apu AS, Basak D, Islam MS. Isolation and identification of compounds from the leaf extract of Dillenia indica Linn. Bangladesh Pharm J. 2010; 13(1): 220-225.
10
[11] Koraganco NV, Kashka ZHN, Borisov EV.¹³C-NMR spectra of functionally substituted 3β-chloroderivation of cholesterol and β-sitosterol. Chem Nat Compd. 2000; 36(6): 395-398.
11
[12] Chaturvedula VS, Prakash I. Isolation of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from the dichloromethane extract of Rubus suavissimus. Int Cur Pharm J. 2012; 1(9): 239-242.
12
[13] Markham KR. Techniques of flavonoid identification. New York: Academic press, 1982.
13
[14] Habibi Z, Monfared A, Masoudi Sh, Rustaiyan A. Essential oil of Johrenia ramosissima Mozaffarian from Iran. J Essent Oil Res. 2004; 16(5): 395-396.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey about prophage induction ability in Escherichia coli K-12(λ) by ethnic medicinal plants of Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad, Iran
Background and objectives: There is a growing trend towards investigating natural products as sources of compounds with biological effects and many researches have been carried out in order to find effective medications against many diseases. Cancer is no exception and studies focusing on evaluating the effects of different materials on DNA, give valuable information in cancer researches and carcinogenicity studies; thus the present study was focused on evaluating the impact of medicinal plants from Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad province, Iran on DNA. Methods: Thirty five plant species collected have been investigated for prophage induction ability in Escherichia coli K-12(λ)throughinductest. Results:The assay demonstrated that 8 plants were able to affect DNA. Conclusion: The results confirm the role of natural resources for biologic effects and what’s more, potential drug candidates in new drug discovery.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_6330_1c094d23873862055afd1f9ef7973465.pdf
2014-10-01
7
10
Escherichia coli K-12(λ)
Ethnopharmacology
inductest
Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad
M.
Hamzeloo-Moghadam
1
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Eslami Tehrani
2
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Pirani
3
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Hassanpour
4
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Esmaeili
5
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1]Walker GC. Mutagenesis and inducible responses to deoxyribonucleic acid damage in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Rev. 1984; 48 (1): 60-93.
1
[2] Mayer VW, Gabridge MG, Oswald EJ. Rapid plate test for evaluating phage induction capacity. Appl Microbiol. 1969; 18(4): 697-698.
2
[3] Elespuru RK, White RJ. Biochemical prophage induction assay: a rapid test for antitumor agents that interact with DNA. Cancer Res. 1983; 43: 2819-2830.
3
[4] Heinemann B. Prophage induction in lysogenic Escherichia coli with simple hydroxylamine and hydrazine compounds. Appl Microbiol. 1971; 21(4): 726-731.
4
[5] Heinemann B, Howard AJ. Induction of lambda-bacteriophage in Escherichia coli as a screening test for potential antitumor agents. Appl Microbiol.1964; 12(3): 234-239.
5
[6] Mosaddegh M, Esmaeili S, Naghibi F, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Haeri A, Pirani A, Moazzeni H. Ethnomedical survey and cytotoxic activity of medicinal plant extracts used in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province in Iran. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2012; 18(3): 211-221.
6
[7] Taghvaei M, Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M, Moazzami N, Ghorbani A, Fakhari A. Prophage induction in Escherichia Coli K12(λ) by some plants from Iran. Ethno Med. 2009; 3(1): 57-59.
7
[8] Mosaddegh M, Naghibia F, Moazzeni H, Pirani A, Esmaeili S. Ethnobotanical survey of herbal remedies traditionally used in Kohghiluyeh va Boyerahmad province of Iran. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 141: 80-95.
8
[9] Wang P, Su Z, Yuan W, Deng G, Li S. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Eryngium L. (Apiaceae). Pharma Crops. 2012; 3: 99-120.
9
[10] Roscetti G, Franzese O, Comandini A, Bonmassar E. Cytotoxic activity of Hypericum perforatum L. on K562 erythroleukemic cells: differential effects between methanolic extract and hypericin. Phytother Res. 2004; 18(1): 66-72.
10
[11] Stavropoulos NE, Kim A, Nseyo UU, Tsimaris I, Chung TD, Miller TA, Redlak M, Nseyo UO, Skalkos D. Hypericum perforatum L. extract - novel photosensitizer against human bladder cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2006; 84(1): 64-69.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils and extracts of Dorema ammoniacum roots and aerial parts
Background and objectives: Dorema ammoniacum D. Don (Apiaceae) is a monocarpic plant endemic to central Iran. The gum resin of this species is a known therapeutic agent in Iranian, Indian and Western traditional medicines. The aim of the present study was to investigate essential oil constituents and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils and extracts of D. ammoniacum aerial parts and roots. Methods: Essential oils were analyzed using GC and GC/MS. The oils together with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the plant samples were subjected to antioxidant evaluation by DPPH and FRAP assays and antibacterial screening using disk diffusion and micro-well dilution methods. Results: Thirty-four compounds were identified in the aerial parts oil, among them β-himachalene (9.3%) and β-chamigrene (8.7%) were the main constituents. Thirty-five compounds were also characterized in the roots oil, of which β-bisabolene (15.1%) and hexadecanal (13.2%) were the main components. Ethyl acetate extract of the roots showed the highest antioxidant activity in both DPPH (IC50 21.3 ± 2.7 μg/mL) and FRAP (112.7 ± 8.1 mmol FeSO4.7H2O equivalent/g) assays. In antibacterial assay, the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of the roots exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Essential oils were also found to be active against Shigella dysenteriae. Conclusion: Considerable antioxidant and antibacterial activities of D. ammoniacum make it an appropriate candidate for further studies and identification of its bioactive principles.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_6331_1e009c44262c92e7c52d10390a1633fe.pdf
2014-10-01
11
18
antibacterial
Antioxidant
Apiaceae
Essential oil
Dorema ammoniacum
M.R.
Delnavazi
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Tavakoli
2
Isfahan Research Centre of Agriculture and Natural Sources, Kashan Station, Kashan, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Rustaie
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Batooli
4
Isfahan Research Centre of Agriculture and Natural Sources, Kashan Station, Kashan, Iran.
AUTHOR
N.
Yassa
5
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Mozaffarian V. Flora of Iran: Umbelliferae. Assadi M, Masoumi AA, Khatamsaz M, Babakhanlu P, Eds. Tehran: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 2007.
1
[2] Amin GR. Popular medicinal plants of Iran. Tehran: Iranian Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, 1991.
2
[3] Fluckiger FA, Hanbury D. Pharmacographia: a history of the principal drugs of vegetable origin, met with in Great Britain and British India. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 1879.
3
[4] Howes F. Age-old resins of the Mediterranean region and their uses. Econ Bot. 1950; 4(4): 307-316.
4
[5] Parsa A. Medicinal plants and drugs of plant origin in Iran III. Plant Food Hum Nutr. 1959; 6(2): 137-156.
5
[6] Amanzadeh Y. Ammoniacum gum. In: Editorial Committee. Iranian herbal pharmacopoeia. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education Publications, 2002.
6
[7] Zarshenas MM, Arabzadeh A, Tafti MA, Kordafshari G, Zargaran A, Mohagheghzadeh A. Application of Herbal Exudates in Traditional Persian Medicine. Galen Med J. 2013; 1(2): 78-83.
7
[8] Khare CP. Indian medicinal plants: an illustrated dictionary. New Delhi: Springer, 2007.
8
[9] Chevallier A. The encyclopedia of medicinal plants. New York: DK Publication, 1996.
9
[10] Kumar VP, Chauhan NS, Padh H, Rajani M. Search for antibacterial and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 107(2): 182-188.
10
[11] Rajani M, Saxena N, Ravishankara M, Desai N, Padh H. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of ammoniacum gum from Dorema ammoniacum. Pharm Biol. 2002; 40(7): 534-541.
11
[12] Adhami HR, Lutz J, Kählig H, Zehl M, Krenn L. Compounds from gum ammoniacum with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Sci Pharm. 2013; 81(3): 793-806.
12
[13] Appendino G, Nano GM, Viterbo D, De-Munno G, Cisero M, Palmisano G, Aragno M. Ammodoremin, an epimeric mixture of prenylated chromandiones from Ammoniacum. Helv Chim Acta. 1991; 74(3): 495-500.
13
[14] Yousefzadi M, Heidari M, Akbarpour M, Mirjalili MH, Zeinali A, Parsa M. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the essential oil of Dorema ammoniacum D. Don. Middle East J Sci Res. 2011; 7(4): 511-514.
14
[15] Yousefzadi M, Mirjalili MH, Alnajar N, Zeinali A, Parsa M. Composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Dorema ammoniacum D. Don. fruit from Iran. J Serb Chem Soc. 2011; 76(6): 857-863.
15
[16] Sajjadi S, Ghassemi N, Mohamadzamani P. Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Dorema ammoniacum D. Don. leaf, an Iranian resinous plant. Rev Arid Regions. 2007; 1: 194-196.
16
[17] Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Carol Stream: Allured Publishing Corporation, 2007.
17
[18] Delazar A, Delnavazi MR, Yassa N, Parkhideh S, Delazar N, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Essential oil composition and isolation of freeradical-scavenging phenolic glycosides from the aerial parts of Ajuga chamaepitys growing in Iran. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2012; 22(2): 399-405.
18
[19] Tofighi Z, Es-haghi A, Maleki-Asl M, Tajic AR, Navai MS, Tavakoli S, Hadjiakhundi A, Yassa N. Investigation of chemical keys for relationship between plants and their unifloral honeys by hydrodistillation and SPME and biological activities of honeys. Eur Food Res Technol. 2013; 238: 665-673.
19
[20] Woods GL, Washington JA. Antibacterial susceptibility tests: dilution and disk diffusion methods. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, Eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 1995.
20
[21] Akhbari M, Tavakoli S, Delnavazi MR. Volatile fraction composition and biological activities of the leaves, bark and fruits of Caucasian wingnut from Iran. J Essent Oil Res. 2014; 26(1): 58-64.
21
[22] Asnaashari S, Dadizadeh E, Talebpour AH, Eskandani M, Nazemiyeh H. Free radical scavenging potential and essential oil composition of the Dorema glabrum Fisch. CA mey roots from Iran. BioImpacts. 2011; 1(4): 241-244.
22
[23] Baser KHC, Buchbauer G. Handbook of essential oils: science, technology, and applications. Florida: CRC Press, 2009.
23
[24] Nabavi SM, Nabavi SF, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activities of Dorema aitchisonii. J Food Drug Anal. 2012; 20(1): 34-40.
24
[25] Khanahmadi M, Miraghaee SS, Karimi I. Evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Dorema aucheri plant. Iranian Red Crescent Med J. 2012; 14(10): 684-685.
25
[26] Iranshahi M, Shaki F, Mashlab A, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA. Kopetdaghins A-E, sesquiterpene derivatives from the aerial parts and the roots of Dorema kopetdaghense. J Nat Prod. 2007; 70(8): 1240-1243.
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[27] Bukreeva T, Pimenov M. 2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone-2-O-β-D-gentiobioside from the roots of Dorema aitchisonii. Chem Nat Compd. 1991; 27(5): 638-639.
27
[28] Nurmukhamedova M, Nikonov G. Glycosides of Dorema hyrcanum. Chem Nat Compd. 1976; 12(1): 92-93.
28
[29] Wollenweber E, Dörr M, Rustiyan A. Dorema aucheri, the first umbelliferous plant found to produce exudate flavonoids. Phytochemistry. 1995; 38(6): 1417.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cytotoxic activity screening of some medicinal plants from south of Iran
Background and objectives: Cancer is a public health problem all over the world. Herbal medicines have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer and large numbers of plants and their isolated constituents have shown potential anticancer activity. Methods: Twenty seven medicinal plants from southern Iran provinces have been extracted with methanol and screened for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, WEHI-164, HepG-2, MDBK and A-549 cell lines by MTT assay. Results: The methanol extracts of two species, Calotropis procera andJuniperus excelsa, demonstrated to be more effective compared to other extracts. Conclusion: The above species are proper candidates for further cancer studies.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_6333_e5fd5675d3d9f0e8d1699d7c329172d3.pdf
2014-10-01
19
25
Cytotoxic activity
Iran
medicinal plants
MTT assay
S.
Esmaeili
1
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Hamzeloo-Moghadam
2
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Ghaffari
3
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Mosaddegh
4
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Ueda J, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Tran Q, Harimaya Y, Saiki I. Antiproliferative activity of Vietnamese medicinal plants. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002; 25: 753-760.
1
[2] George S, Bhalerao SV, Lidstone EA, Ahmad IS, Abbasi A, Cunningham BT, Watkin KL. Cytotoxicity screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts on pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010; 10: 52.
2
[3] Ghorbani A. Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 102: 58-68.
3
[4] Saetung A, Itharat A, Dechsukum C, Wattanapiromsakul C, Keawpradub N, Ratanasuwa P. Cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants for cancer treatment. Sci Technol. 2005; 27(2): 469-478.
4
[5] Raushanara A, Shaikh J, Uddin I, Darren G, Evelin T. Cytotoxic activity screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts. J Nat Med. 2014; 68: 246–252.
5
[6] Sahranavard Sh, Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M, Davari E, Cheah YH, Noor Rain A. Cytotoxic Activity of Some Medicinal Plants from Iran. Ethno Med. 2009; 3(1): 81-82.
6
[7] Esmaeili S, Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M, Sahranavard S, Ghafari S, Noor Rain A. Screening of antiplasmodial properties among some traditionally used Iranian plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 121: 400-404.
7
[8] Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Taiebi N, Mosaddegh M, Eslami Tehrani B, Esmaeili S. The effect of some cosolvents and surfactants on viability of cancerous cell lines. Res J Pharmacognosy. 2014; 1(3): 41-45.
8
[9] Al-Kalaldeh JZ, Abu-Dahab R, Afifi FU. Volatile oil composition and antiproliferative activity of Laurus nobilis, Origanum syriacum, Origanum vulgare, and Salvia triloba against human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Nutr Res. 2010; 30: 271-278.
9
[10] Chaves Silva MC, Silva AB, Teixeira FM, Pereira de Sousa PC, Macedo Rondon RM, Honorio Junior JER. Therapeutic and biological activities of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2010; 3(4): 332-336.
10
[11] Basu A, Nag Choudhuri AK. Preliminary studies on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Calotropis procera root extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 31: 319-324.
11
[12] Dewan S, Sangraula H, Kumar VL. Preliminary studies on the analgesic activity of latex of Calotropis procera. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 73: 307-311.
12
[13] Madan Ranjit P, Krishna Priya M, Silpa P, Nagalakshmi V, Anjali M, Girish K, Chowdary YA. In vitro cytotoxic activities of calotropis procera latex and flower extracts against MCF-7 and Hela cell line cultures. Int J Pharm
13
Pharm Sci. 2012; 4(1): 66-70.
14
[14] Yogesh M, Abhay PS, Devender P. In vitro anthelmintic & cytotoxic potential of different extracts of Calotropis Procera leaves. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2013; 6(1): 14-18.
15
[15] Yesilada E, Honda G, Sezik E, Tabata T, Fujita T, Tanaka T. Traditional medicine in Turkey V. Folk medicine in the inner Taurus Mountains. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995; 46: 133-152.
16
[16] Nabi S, Ahmed N, Khan MJ , Bazai Z, Yasinzai M, Al-Kahraman Yasser MSA. In vitro Antileishmanial, antitumor activities and phytochemical studies of methanolic extract and its fractions of Juniperus excelsa berries. World Applied Sci J. 2012; 19 (10): 1495-1500.
17
[17] Topçu G, Erenler R, Cakmak O, Johansson CB, Celik C, Chai HB, Pezzuto JM. Diterpenes from the berries of Juniperus excelsa. Phytochemistry.1999; 50(7): 1195-1199.
18
[18] Prakash SS, Piyush MP. Biological screening of Avicennia marina for anticancer activity. Der Pharmacia Sinica. 2013; 4(2): 125-130.
19
[19] Khan RA, Khan NA, Khan FU, Ahmed M, Shah AS, Muhammad Rashid Khan MR, Shah MS. Phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Periploca aphyla and Mentha longifolia, selected medicinal plants of district Bannu, Pakistan. Afr J Pharm Pharmaco. 2012; 6(45): 3130-3135.
20
[20] Ibrahim AY, El-Gengaihi SE, Motawe H M. Phytochemical and cytotoxicity investigations of Salvadora Persica bark extracts. J Arab Soc Med Res. 2011; 6(2): 127-133.
21
[21] Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Rezazadeh-Kermani M, Mehrabani M, Nakhaee N. Cytotoxic effects of Teucrium polium on some established cell lines . Pharm Biol. 2007; 45(4): 295-298.
22
[22] Jafarian A, Zolfaghari B, Shirani K. Cytotoxicity of different extracts of aerial parts of Ziziphus spina-christi on HeLa and MDA-MB-468 tumor cells. Adv Biomed Res. 2014; 3: 38.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical composition and leishmanicidal activity of Pulicaria gnaphalodes essential oil
Background and objectives: Several natural compounds have been identified for the treatment ofleishmaniasis. Due to a few safe drugs and the side effects caused by available chemotherapy, some new drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis are requested. The genus Pulicaria (Asteraceae) is represented in the flora of Iran by five species. Phytochemical studies on Pulicaria species have revealed some flavonoids and terpenoids with leishmanicidal activity. In the present investigation chemical composition and leishmanicidal activity of Pulicaria gnaphalodes essential oil have been studied. Methods: The essential oil of the aerial parts of the plant was obtained by Clevenger apparatus and was analyzed by GC/MS. Antileishmanil activity was assessed against promastigoes of Leishmania major. Results:The major components from P. gnaphalodes essential oil have been reported to be geraniol, 1,8-cineole, chrysanthenone, α-pinene, chrystanthenone, α-terpineol and filifolone. The alcohol monoterpenes with contribution of 25.04% constituted the major portion of the essential oil, while hydrocarbon monoterpenes and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes with contribution of 7.08% and 2.38%, respectively occupied the next rates.In the present experiment the essential oil of P. gnaphalodes progressively inhibited Leishmania major growth in concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 50 µL/mL (parasite culture) in 24 h. The essential oil at 50 µL/mL eliminated the promastigotes at the beginning of treatment. It showed antileishmanial activity in concentration of 1.06 µL/mL and destroyed all parasits in 24 h. Conclusion: Pulicaria gnaphalodes antileishmanial activity, could suggest the species and constituents as possible lead structures for antileishmanial drug discovery.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_6334_0a4481ff29487ef32351aa2e0f1af5d0.pdf
2014-10-01
27
33
Essential oil
GC/MS
Leishmania Major
Pulicaria gnaphalodes
G.
Asghari
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Zahabi
2
Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Eskandarian
3
Department of Parasitology, faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Yousefi
4
Department of Parasitology, faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Asghari
5
Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Ali MS, Jahangir M, Saleem M, Ahmad VU. Chemical constituents of Pulicaria gnaphalodes. Nat Prod Sci. 1999: 5(3): 134-137.
1
[2] Mozafarian V. A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Tehran: Farhange Moaser. 1st ed. 1375.
2
[3] Wollenweber A, Rustaiyan A. Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. Biochem Syst Ecol. 1991; 19: 673.
3
[4] Rustaiyan A, Simozar E, Ahmadi A, Grenz M, Bohlmann F. A Hardwickiic acid derivative from Pulicaria gnaphalodes. Phytochemistry. 1981; 20(12): 2772-2773.
4
[5] Weyerstahl P, Wahlburg HC, Marschall H, Rustaiyan A. Terpenes and terpene derivatives, XXXII. New cadinene and bisabolene derivatives from the essential oil of Pulicaria gnaphalodes. Eur J Org Chem. 2006; 1993(10): 1117-1123.
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[6] Shariatifr N, Kamkar A, Shams Ardekani M, Misaghi A, Jamshidi AH, Jahed Khaniki GH. Quantitative and qualitative study of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of plant Pulicaria gnaphalodes. J Gonabad Univ Med Sci. 2012; 18(1): 35-41.
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[7] Ebadollahi A. Iranian plant essential oils as sources of natural insecticide agents. Int J Biol Chem. 2001; 5(5): 266-290.
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[9] Iranshahi M, Arfa P, Ramezani M, Jaafari MR, Sadeghian H, Bassarello C. Sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula szowitsiana and in vitro antileishmanial activity of 7-prenyloxycoumarins against promastigotes. Phytochemistry. 2007; 68: 554-561.
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[10] Martin-quintal Z, Rosario Garcia-miss M, Mut-martin M, Matus-Moo A, Torres-Tapia LW, Peraza-Sanchez SR. The leishmanicidal effect of [3S]-16,17-Didehydrofalcarinol, an oxylipin isolated from tridax procumbens, is independt of NO production. Phytother Res. 2009; 24: 1004-1008.
10
[11] Billo M, Fournet A, Cabalion P, Waikedre J, Bories C, Loiseau P, Prina E, Rojas de Arias A .Screening of new caledonian and vanuatu medicinal plants for antiprotozoal activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 96: 569-575.
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[12] Zahabi F, Asghari GR, Eskandarian A, Yousefi H. Leishmanicidal activity of Pulicaria gnaphalodes. Res Pharm Sci. 2012; 7(5).
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[13] Adams RP. Identification of Essential oils by Ion Trop Mass Spectroscopy. California: Academic Press, 1989.
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[14] Davies NW. Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpens and sesqueterpens on methyl silicon, and Carbowax 20m phases. J Chromatogr. 1990; 503: 1-24.
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[15] Sadeghi-Nejad B, Saji J, Khademvatan S, Nanaei S. In vitro antileishmanial activity of the medicinal plant Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad. J Med Plants Res. 2011; 5(24): 5912-5915.
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[16] Mayence A, Vanden Eynde JJ, LeCour L, Walker LA, Tekwani BL, Huang TL. Piperazine-linked bisbenzamidines: a novel class of antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2004; 39(6): 547-553.
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[17] Celine V, Adriana P, Eric D, Joaquina AL, Yannick E, Augusto LF. Medicinal plants from the Yanesha [Peru]: evaluation of the leishmanicidal and antimalarial activity of selected extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 123: 413-422.
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[18] Weyerstahl P, Marschall H, Wahlburg HC, Christiansen C, Rustaiyan A, Mirdjalili F. Constituents of the essential oil of Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent) Boiss. from Iran. Flavour Frag J. 1999: 14: 121-131.
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[19] Shaig Ali M, Jahangir M, Uzair SS, Wahba Erian A, Bakhsh Tareen R. Gnapholide: A new guaiac-dimer from Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Asteraceae). Nat Prod Lett. 2002; 16(3): 179-186.
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[20] khani A, Asghari J. Insecticide activity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia, Pulicaria gnaphalodes and Achillea wilhelmsii against two stored product pests, the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculates. J Insect Sci. 2011; 12(73): 1-10.
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[21] Machado M, Dinis AM, Santos-Rosa A, Alves V, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C. New anti-leishmania agents: the potential underlining Thymus sp. volatile extract against L. infantum, L. major and L. tropica major compounds may not be the answer. 22nd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Disease. 2012 31 mar-2 Apr; London, UK.
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[22] Ueda Nakamura T, Mendonca Filho RR, Morgado Diaz JA, Korehisa Maza P, Dias Filho BP, Garcia Cortez DA. Antileishmanial activity of Eugenol-rich essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum. Parasitol Int. 2006; 55: 99-105.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and fractions obtained from Taraxacum mongolicum flower
Background and objectives: Resistance towards reveling antibiotics has captured great interest in evaluating the antimicrobial properties of the natural plants. Taraxacum mongolicum is widely used as a folklore medicinal plant for its diuretic, antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Though there are some reports on antimicrobial properties of Taraxacum mongolicum, studies on antibacterial abilities of its flower are limited and it was decided to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the flowers in the present study. Methods: The antibacterial properties of ethanol extract of Taraxacum mongolicum flower, and its fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate (ET), and aqueous fractions) were examined through agar disc diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Four Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacteria were used in the study. Results: The antibacterial test results showed that the ET fraction strongly inhibited the growth of all of the microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis (with MIC values of 125 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively), whereas the ethanol extract and the other two fractions demonstrated moderate and weak activities, respectively. Conclusion: The ET fraction obtained from Taraxacum mongolicum flowers presented high antibacterial activity and might be suggested for use as a natural preservative ingredient in pharmaceutical industries.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_6336_2ced70c144dd6d92ce68e5239bf207d7.pdf
2014-10-01
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39
Antibacterial Activity
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Taraxacum mongolicum
H.
Qiao
1
School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
AUTHOR
T.J.
Sun
2
School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
AUTHOR
[1] Chen LF, Chopra T, Kaye KS. Pathogens Resistant to Antibacterial Agents. Med Clin N Am. 2011; 95: 647-676.
1
[2] Lou ZX, Wang HX, Lv WP, Ma CY, Wang ZP, Chen SW. Assessment of antibacterial activity of fractions from burdock leaf against food-related bacteria. Food Control. 2010; 21: 1272-1278.
2
[3] Ruban P, Gajalakshmi K. In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract against human pathogens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 2: 339-403.
3
[4] Martins S, Amorim ELC, Peixoto Sobrinho TJS, Saraiva AM, Pisciottano MNC, Aguilar CN, Teixeira JA, Mussatto SI. Antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract and fractions obtained from Larrea tridentata leaves. Ind Crop Prod. 2013; 41: 306-311.
4
[5] De Las Llagas MC, Santiago L, Ramos JD. Antibacterial activity of crude ethanolic extract and solvent fractions of Ficus pseudopalma Blanco leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2014; 4: 367-371.
5
[6] Schütz K, Carle R, Schieber A. Taraxacum-A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 107: 313–323.
6
[7] Gao DM. Analysis of nutritional components of Taraxacum mongolicum and its antibacterial activity. Phcog J. 2010; 2: 502-505.
7
[8] Qian L, Zhou Y, Teng ZL, Du CL, Tian CR. Preparation and antibacterial activity of oligosaccharides derived from dandelion. Int J Biol Macromol. 2014; 64: 392– 394.
8
[9] Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Tvrok M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966; 45: 493-496.
9
[10] Li HF. Extraction and purification of flavonoids in Taraxacum mongolicum inflorescences and their biological effects. M. Sc. Thesis. School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China, 2012.
10
[11] Saha S, Dhar TN, Sengupta C, Ghosh P. Biological activities of essential oils and methanol extracts of five Ocimum species against pathogenic bacteria. Czech J Food Sci. 2013; 31: 194-202.
11
[12] Nikaido H. Prevention of drug access to bacterial targets permeability barriers and active efflux. Science. 1994; 264: 382–388.
12
[13] Gao Y, Van Belkum MJ, Stiles ME. The outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria inhibits antibacterial activity of brochocin-C. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999; 65: 4329–4333.
13
[14] Williams CA, Goldstone F, Greenham J. Flavonoids, cinnamic acids and coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations of Taraxacum officinale. Phytochemistry. 1996; 42: 121–127.
14
[15] Shi SY, Zhang YP, Huang KL, Zhao Y, Liu SQ. Flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2008; 36: 437-440.
15
[16] Yang L, Li HF, Diao HP, Tang XY, Peng TF, Sun TJ. Total phenolic acid content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of dandelion flowers. Food Sci. 2011; 32: 160-163.
16
[17] Basile A, Giordano S, López-Sáez JA, Cobianchi RC. Antibacterial activity of pure flavonoids isolated from mosses. Phytochemistry. 1999; 52: 1479-1482.
17
[18] Xia DZ, Wu XQ, Shi JY, Yang Q, Zhang Y. Phenolic compounds from the edible seeds extract of Chinese Mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) and their antimicrobial activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 2011; 44: 347-349.
18
[19] Eumkeb G, Siriwong S, Thumanu K. Synergistic activity of luteolin and amoxicillin combination against amoxicillin-resistant Escherichia coli and mode of action. J Photoch Photobio B. 2012; 117: 247-253.
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20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Seasonal variation of mono- and sesquiterpenoid components in the essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss.
Background and objectives: Dracocephalum kotschyi is a plant which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and exists mostly in south-west Asian countries, including Iran. This plant is used as antispasmodic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory to treat rheumatoid diseases. Methods: In order to investigate the impact of the harvesting time changes on the quantity and quality of mono- and sesquiterpenoid components of D. kotschyi aerial parts, ten samples were collected from cultivated plants from 19 April to 27 August 2013. Also samples of flower and root were harvested in order to investigate their essential oil components. The essential oils were obtained through hydrodistillation method. The components were studied and identified by GC and GC ⁄ MS systems. Results: The highest yield of the essential oil was obtained on 3 May (1.10% V.W) and the lowest on 28 July (0.29% V.W). Totally 55 compounds were identified in the essential oil while the highest percentage belonged to monoterpenes especially the oxygenated ones. Most variations were observed in geraniol (1.40-15.34%), geranyl acetate (trace-14.41%) and neryl acetate (0.62-17.51%). The major value in most cases belonged to geranial. Conclusion: the results of this study indicate that the harvesting time of plant is an effective factor in the quality and quantity of theessential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_6337_bd0a61f3081d19e32010db4a30087d83.pdf
2014-10-01
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47
Dracocephalum kotschyi
Essential oil
geranial
Lamiaceae
Seasonal variations
G.
Asghari
1
Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
N.
Keyhanfard
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Motamed M, Ghorbani A. Labiatae Family in folk Medicine in Iran. Tehran: Traditional Medicine & Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Scineces, 2002.
1
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3
[4] Faham N, Javidnia K, Bahmani M, Amirghofran Z. Calycopterin, an immunoinhibitory compound from the extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi. Phytother Res. 2008; 22(9): 1154-1158.
4
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5
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[9] Singh AK, Ram G, Sharma S. Accumulation pattern of important monoterpenes in the essential oil of Citronella java during one year of crop growth. J Med Aromat Plant Sci.
9
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of micronutrients and natural antioxidants in fighting against HIV; a quick mini-review
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the progression of HIV to AIDS, since HIV usually replicates in a highly oxidized condition and CD4+ T lymphocytes can be activated via a cascade of internal oxidative pathways, which enhances the formation of proteins and enzymes. Thus, antioxidants should potentially be useful for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection as a new alternative strategy. Regarding the point that there are various approaches for treating the HIV-positive patients, antioxidant supplementation therapy alongside with other medications possesses many benefits. In fact, antioxidants and micronutrient supplements have been considered as a costly and short-term strategy to improve antioxidant deficiency. If diets come with sufficient education and scientific recommendations, they can provide a low-cost and long-term strategy to reduce oxidative stress, prevent micronutrient deficiency, and slow down HIV progression. This strategy may be applicable and beneficial particularly in countries around coast of Africa, where HIV is most common. Meantime these countries are rich of natural food resources. It seems that a healthy diet is the best way to insure proper nutrient intake, since it contains many nutrients not available in pills.
https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_6339_8360fd8a9d8af1d4f62cfe459ff5a525.pdf
2014-10-01
49
55
antioxidants
HIV
mechanism of action
phytochemicals
S.
Saeidnia
1
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
AUTHOR
M.
Abdollahi
2
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Douek DC, Roederer M, Koup RA. Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS. Annu Rev Med. 2009; 60: 471-484.
1
[2] Aquaro S, Scopelliti F, Pollicita M, Disclosures CFP. Oxidative stress and HIV infection: target pathways for novel therapies? Future HIV Ther. 2008; 2: 327-338.
2
[3] AIDS epidemic update (2007). Last access date Aug 13, 2014. available from: http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf
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[6] Madeddu G, Spanu A, Solinas P. Bone mass loss and vitamin D metabolism impairment in HIV-patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Q J Nucl Med Mol Im. 2004; 48: 39-48.
6
[7] Nkengfack GN, Torimiro JN, Englert H. Effects of antioxidants on CD4 and viral load in HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa - dietary supplements vs. local diet. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012; 82: 63-72.
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[8] Botha C, Harman C, Spencer DC. Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: nutritional guidelines for HIV-infected adults and children in Southern Africa: meeting the needs (Sections 3-6). South Afr J HIV Med. 2008; 29: 34.
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[9] Villamor E, Saathoff E, Bosch RJ,Hertzmark E, Baylin A, Manji K, Msamanga G, Hunter DJ, Fawzi WW. Vitamin supplementation of HIV-infected women improves postnatal child growth. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 81: 880-888.
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[10] Villamor E, Kapiga SH, Fawzi WW. Vitamin A serostatus and heterosexual transmission of HIV: case-control study in Tanzania and review of the evidence. Int J Vit Nutr Res. 2006; 76: 81-85.
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[14] Jiamto S, Chaisilwattana P, Pepin J, Suttent R, Mahakkanukrauh B, Filteau S, Suthipinittharm P, Jaffar S. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of the impact of multiple micronutrient supplementation on HIV-1 genital shedding among Thai subjects. J Acq Immun Def Synd. 2004; 37: 1216-1218.
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[15] Austin J, Singhal N, Voigt R, Smaill F, Gill MJ, Walmsley S, Salit I, Gilmour J, Schlech WF, Choudhri S, Rachlis A, Cohen J, Trottier S, Toma E, Phillips P, Ford PM, Woods R, Singer J, Zarowny DP, Cameron DW. A community randomized controlled clinical trial of mixed carotenoids and micronutrient supplementation of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006; 60: 1266-1276.
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