@article { author = {Delnavazi, M. R. and Banihashem, M. and Farsam, H. and Shafiee, A. and Yassa, N.}, title = {Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium transoxanum Bunge}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {1-5}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: The plants belonging to the genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) are the main sources of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). In the present study, we have investigated the PAs of the aerial parts of Heliotropium transoxanum Bunge, a perennial species native to Iran. Methods: Silica gel column chromatography and silica gel PTLC were applied for the isolation of PAs present in the total methanol extract of H. transoxanum. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EIMS spectral analyses. Results: Three PAs, heliotrine (1), lasiocarpine (2) and heliotrine N-oxide (3),with known mutagenic and genotoxic properties, were isolated from the aerial parts of H. transoxanum. Conclusion: The results of this study on the presence of toxic PAs in H. transoxanum introduce this herb as a poisonous species and also suggest it as an appropriate source for the isolation of heliotrine and lasiocarpine for further toxicological and pharmacological studies.}, keywords = {heliotrine,heliotrine N-oxide,Heliotropium transoxanum Bunge,lasiocarpine,pyrrolizidine alkaloids}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12063.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12063_b8a5c19bb65104f5a73af80ebfe63550.pdf} } @article { author = {Mosaddegh, M. and Esmaeili, S. and Hassanpour, A. and Malekmohammadi, M. and Naghibi, F.}, title = {Ethnobotanical study in the highland of Alvand and Tuyserkan, Iran}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {7-17}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Medicinal plants are widely used by people in the treatment of various diseases. These resources are usually regarded as part of cultural traditional knowledge. The aim of this study was to identify the information about the medicinal plants used by indigenous people of some regions of Hamedan province, Iran. Methods: The present ethnobotanical study was conducted in the Alvand mountainous area of Hamedan and Tuyserkan. Interviews were done in 27 villages and totally 53 informants were interviewed. Ethnobotanical indices like relative frequency of citation (RFC) and cultural importance index (CI) were calculated. Results: Our study reports 80 traditionally used plant species, belonging to 31 plant families. Asteraceae with 12 species was the most used family in this area. The most used parts were aerial parts (18.57%), leaves (21.42%), and flowers (17.14%), respectively. The most treated ailments were digestive problems. The highest number of ethnobotanical indices RFC and CI were observed in Stachys lavandulifolia   Vahl. and Thymus lancifolius  Celak., respectively. Conclusions: Hamedan provincepossesses considerable knowledge about medicinal plants for treating common health problems.}, keywords = {Alvand,ethnobotany,Hamedan,Tuyserkan,traditional medicine}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12064.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12064_19f6999e9342742606b739bbe2fb7c25.pdf} } @article { author = {Khanavi, M. and Baghernezhadian, A. and GolFakhrabadi, F. and Abai, M. R. and Vatandoost, H. and Hadjiakhoondi, A.}, title = {Larvicidal activity of Ferulago carduchorum Boiss. & Hausskn. against the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {19-22}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Malaria is a remarkable cause of death in the world. Several ways are used by researchers to control or to decrease the detrimental effects of the disease, in which natural insecticides with less malaria vectors resistance and lower environmental damages are considered in last decades.The objective of this study was to assess the larvicidal activity of the whole flowering samples of Ferulago carduchorum Boiss. & Haussknagainst the main malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Methods: The partition fractions of ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, and the total 80% methanol extract from Ferulago carduchorum were examined for larvicidal activity against late 3rd and early 4th instar larvae of malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. The LC50 and LC90 values were calculated by probit analysis. Results: The LC50 of the total extract, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions were 0.4799, 0.2361, 0.7437 and 3.7017 ppm, respectively. The LC90 of the total extract, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions were 1.5090, 0.4547, 1.8918 and 10.8857 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: On the basis of the presence of nonpolar compounds in the chloroform fraction, we can propose that the larvicidal activity of this fraction would be due to these compounds. The extract might be useful for improvement of new natural insecticides.}, keywords = {Anopheles stephensi,Ferulago carduchorum Boiss. & Hausskn,Larvicidal activity}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12073.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12073_4fead9582ec1e57067ac5cf7acfe4921.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirjalili, M.H. and Ayyari, M. and Bakhtiar, Z. and Moridi Farimani, M. and Sonboli, A.}, title = {Quantification of betulinic, oleanolic and ursolic acids as medicinally important triterpenoids in some Thymus species from Iran}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {23-28}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are well-known pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs), which are produced by plants. They possess a variety of beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitumor, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, and antihyperlipidemic activities. In the present study, quantitative determination of these compounds was simultaneously carried out in some Thymus species native to Iran i.e. T. daenensis, T. pubescens, T. persicus and T. caramanicus. Methods: Lyophilized and powdered plant material (1.0 g) was drenched in MeOH and immediately sonicated at room temperature. The methanol extract was further separated into organic and aqueous layers. The organic layer was dissolved in HPLC grade methanol, filtered and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. Results: The maximum content of BA, OA and UA were determined in the aerial parts of T. persicus as856.9, 480.6 and 941.7 mg per 100 g dry weight (DW) of plant, respectively while the other Thymus species had an almost negligible amount of these compounds. Conclusion: Results showed that the aerial parts of T. persicus could be a considerable source of these PTs which might be attractive for future phytochemical and biological investigations according to importance of their health benefits.}, keywords = {Betulinic acid,oleanolic acid,Thymus,ursolic acid}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12079.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12079_23fbc3727b0c988b7075f27326f66b97.pdf} } @article { author = {Amanzadeh, Y. and Hajimehdipoor, H. and Abedi, Z. and Khatamsaz, M.}, title = {Chemical constituents of Amygdalus spp. oil from Iran}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {29-33}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Amygdalus with a number of endemic species grow vastly in Iran. Edible sweet almond (A. communis), is cultivated in many countries due to its pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic importance; while almond oil which is rich in oleic acid is known for its economic interest. In the present study, the amount and constituents of oil of six Amygdalus species including A. communis, A. Iranshahrii, A. scoparia, A. lycioides, A. reticulata  and A. elaeagnifolia have been analyzed. Methods: The oil of the plants fruits were obtained with hot and cold methods using n-hexane and their percentages were compared. Then, the oils were analysed by GC after methylation of their constituents. Results: The results demonstrated that the hot method gave higher oil yield than cold method. The amounts of the species oils were almost similar except for A. Iranshahrii which contained the least amount of the oil. The most dominant constituents of the oils comprised of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids with almost the same pattern, consisting of mostly oleic acid followed by linoleic and palmitic acids. In all samples only little amounts of stearic acid was detectable. Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study, the evaluated species are of high economic value and could be used as alternatives to sweet almond in pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic industries.  }, keywords = {almond,Amygdalus,Fatty Acid,fixed oil,GC,Oleic acid}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12091.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12091_bfdb5bb8df9f177aca69e21c6f35731c.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohaddesi, B. and dudhrejiya, A. and Chauhan, M.}, title = {Pharmacognostical and physico-chemical evaluations of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. seeds}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {35-41}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Cardiospermum halicacabum L. is a climber plant of Sapindaceae family with certain medicinal properties that have made it to be used traditionally in different systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Homeopathy and Unani medicine. Literature survey has revealed the reports about some investigations but references were not available about the seeds of C. halicacabum; hence, the seeds were selected for the present investigation. Methods: Detailed macroscopic and microscopic studies of C. halicacabum seeds and powder were carried out, physico-chemical parameters, preliminary and quantitative phytochemical analyses of different extracts of the seeds performed. Besides, the amount of total phenols and flavonoids in different extracts were determined. Results: The phytochemical screening gave a positive test for presence of various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavanoids, and tannins. The amount of total phenols was found to be between 29.697±0.232 to 187.372±0.615 mg pyrogallol equivalent/g and the content of flavonoids between 27.833±0.412 to 139.261±0.412 mg quercetin equivalent/g in various extracts.   Conclusion: The present work has reported the detailed macroscopic, microscopic and physio-chemical evaluations of the seeds of C. halicacabum and provided information which would be helpful for better identification and standardization of C. halicacabum seeds.}, keywords = {balloon vine,Cardiospermum halicacabum,seeds,microscopic evaluation,phytochemical evaluation}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12096.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12096_bc408e8439e03d78459eafe1b0eaee85.pdf} } @article { author = {Esmaeili, S. and Irani, M. and Moazzeni Zehan, H. and Keramatian, B. and Tavakoli Harandi, Z. and Hamzeloo-Moghadam, M.}, title = {Cytotoxic activity of some ethnic medicinal plants from southwest of Iran}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {43-47}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Many people in ethnic groups of the world have trusted in plants for disease management and cure. Medicinal plants have always played a great role in the lives of Iranian people in the past and present and with no doubt in the future. Healers in different regions of Iran have been using medicinal herbs and one rich source for these cures is located in south-west of Iran, Kohgiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad province. Some species from this province have been selected for the present study and their cytotoxic activity has been evaluated. Methods: The methanol extracts of the 26 species were obtained by maceration and the extracts were investigated for cytotoxic activity in MTT assay. Results: The results revealed that four out of twenty six plants were toxic to MCF-7, A-549, HepG-2 and HT-29 cells. Conclusion: The findings of the present study specially the species with lower IC50 values (Eryngium billardieri and Nerium indicum) are suggested for further investigations in cancer studies.}, keywords = {Datura innoxia,Eryngium billardieri,Kohgiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad,Nerium indicum,Thymus daenensis}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12102.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12102_1103231d27a8da81b1fece72e6e62a6a.pdf} } @article { author = {Jedkareh, A. and Esmaeili, S. and Alembagheri, A. and Mortazavi, S.A.}, title = {Comparing the etiology and treatment of skin fissure in traditional and conventional medicine; a brief review}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {49-54}, year = {2016}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {}, abstract = {Dry skin is a common problem which affects wound healing, severity of other skin diseases and quality of life of people. One of its undesirable effects is fissure that is a cutaneous condition in which there is a linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined, nearly vertical walls. In the present study, we have investigated the etiology of the disease and its treatments in conventional medicine and Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). Two traditional medicine references, current scientific data bases and medicinal texts were explored with the selected keywords such as "sheqaq-e-poosti", "skin fissure" and "dry skin" to find the etiology and treatment of skin fissure. From the view point of both conventional medicine and ITM, dry skin is the cause of skin fissure and some causes of dry skin are similar. In conventional medicine, moisturizers are mainly used for treatment of dry skin; while in ITM some herbs, oils and other natural remedies have been used. A topical dosage form which was called "qeirooti", a mixture of wax and oil, was used to treat skin fissure in ITM. It comprised of oily ingredients that acted as occlusives and also some herbal components that directly improved dry skin (similar to moisturizers). Components efficacy of traditional dosage forms for treatment of dry skin lead us to study about formulation of “qeirooti” for treatment of dry skin.  }, keywords = {dry skin,Iranian traditional medicine,qeirooti,skin fissure}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12104.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_12104_20b54cae6c691c4f030518139b39a7f7.pdf} }