@article { author = {Khanavi, Mahnaz and Enayati, Aysheh and Shams Ardekani, Mohammad Reza and Akbarzadeh, Tahmineh and Karimpour Razkenari, Elahe and Eftekhari*, Mahdieh}, title = {Cytotoxic Activity of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. Leaves Essential Oil in Breast Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {1-7}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84313}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Juniperus excelsa is a flowering plant that has been applied as traditional medicine for treatment of various disorders such as dysmenorrhea, bronchitis and colds, jaundice and tuberculosis. The aims of the present study were analyzing J. excelsa essential oil and investigation of its cytotoxic activity on three breast cancer cell lines.  Methods:  Juniperus excelsa leaves were collected from Dena mountains, located in the south-west of Iran. The composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using MTT assay.   Results: Forty-one components, related to 99.83% of the total oil, were identified. Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented the major components of the volatile oil while α-pinene (73.27%) was the major component. The essential oil showed significant cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (IC50=0.084 µg/mL), MDA-MB-231 (IC50=0.090 µg/mL) and T-47D (IC50=0.124 µg/mL).  Conclusion: The analysis of J. excelsa oil revealed α-pinene and cedrol as the main compounds of the volatile oil that could justifiy its remarkable cytotoxic effect against the tested cell lines.}, keywords = {Cytotoxic,Juniperus excelsa,MTT assay}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84313.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84313_ba6bed04cec44dd678fb4ea2cfc56312.pdf} } @article { author = {Kaltalioglu*, Kaan and Balabanli, Barbaros and Coskun-Cevher, Sule}, title = {Alleviation of Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxic Damage: the Synergistic Effect of Morin and Hesperidin against Oxidative Stress}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {9-18}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84314}, abstract = {Background and objectives: A key aspect of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity is oxidative stress. The current study was conducted to show, for the first time, the restoring and synergistic effects of morin and hesperidin against oxidative stress in hepatotoxicity. Methods: Fourty-two Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups: group A (control), group B (morin), group C (hesperidin), group D (cisplatin), group E (cisplatin+morin), group F (cisplatin+hesperidin), group G (cisplatin+morin+hesperidin). Throughout ten consecutive days, morin and/or hesperidin were given to rats and cisplatin was injected as a single dose (7 mg/kg) on the 4th day, and then the rats were sacrificed on the 11th day. Liver tissue samples collected from the rats were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione levels as well as myeloperoxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Results: Administration of cisplatin elevated the malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and also reduced the glutathione levels and catalase activity in the liver. However, in the morin and/or hesperidin groups, glutathione level and catalase activity were higher but malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and myeloperoxidase activity were lower than the cisplatin-induced group. Conclusion: Our results indicated that pretreatment with these flavonoids can be used as protective treatment for cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.}, keywords = {Cisplatin,hepatotoxicity,hesperidin,morin,oxidative stress}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84314.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84314_f4808722e1e9ed8986c4d862d4724a02.pdf} } @article { author = {Sarkhail*, Parisa and Salimi, Mona and Saeidnia, Soodabeh and Nikan, Marjan and Kurpaz-mahmoodabadi, Mahdieh}, title = {Influence of Four Phlomis Species on Melanogenesis in Human Malignant Melanoma (SKMEL-3) Cells}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {19-24}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84315}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Phytochemical studies have shown that the Phlomis species are rich in polyphenolics and iridoid glycosides and many of them have shown potential value in different biological and pharmacological activities. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Phlomis persica, P. brugieri, P. olivieri and P. anisodontea extracts on melanin production in human malignant melanoma (SKMEL-3) cells. Methods: The anti-tyrosinase activity of the extracts was investigated using mushroom tyrosinase assay. Cytotoxicity potentials were examined through MTT assay on SKMEL-3 cell line and then the level of melanin formation in SKMEL-3 cells was determined. Results: The anti-tyrosinase activity of the Phlomis extracts was not remarkable (about 0.1 mg/mL). All extracts significantly increased the melanin content in SKMEL-3 cells at 0.25 mg/mL and among them P. anisodontea extract seemed to be more efficient in stimulating melanin production. Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest these total extracts particularly P. anisodontea extract contain the potent skin browning agents that can be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.}, keywords = {Cytotoxicity,melanogenesis,Phlomis species,SKMEL-3 cells,Tyrosinase}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84315.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84315_d0e310f5720c5847ff3de9c886aa25dd.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashemizadeh, Tahmineh and Pedarzadeh, Ali and Naghedi, Aryan and Dorri Mashhadi, Fahimeh and Zavvar Reza, Javad and Safari, Fereshteh and Safari*, Fatemeh}, title = {Resveratrol Suppresses Cardiac Renin Angiotensin System in the Late Phase of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {25-37}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84316}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenole phytoalexin which exerts potential cardioprotective effects, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unknown. Cardiac renin angiotensin system (RAS) over-activation plays an important role in pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) progression. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the main components of RAS during early and late phase of myocardial hypertrophy. Methods: To consider the early and late phase of LVH, the rats were studied two and sixteen weeks after abdominal aorta banding without treatment (H2w and H16w groups, respectively) or with resveratrol (R) treatment. Intact animals served as control (Ctl). Arterial blood pressure was recorded by carotid cannulation. Angiotensin II (Ang II) level was measured using ELISA kit. Gene expression was evaluated by Real time RT-PCR technique. Cardiomyocyte size and fibrosis were assessed using haematoxylin/eosin and Masson trichrome staining, respectively Results: Results of this study showed that in H2w group AT1a mRNA level was increased significantly (pConclusion: Progression of LVH is accompanied by dynamic changes in RAS components expression in myocardial tissue. Resveratrol protects the heart against pressure overload-induced hypertrophy in part via RAS suppression.}, keywords = {Left ventricular hypertrophy,renin-angiotensin system,Resveratrol}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84316.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84316_f922f8cd5fb64c2d7f4c551d23381432.pdf} } @article { author = {Yaghoubi, Maedeh and Mousavi*, Zahra and Rastegar, Tayebeh and Amin, Gholamreza}, title = {Safety Assessment of Arctium lappa L. Fruit Extract in Female Wistar Rats: Acute and Repeated Oral Toxicity Studies}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {39-48}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84317}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Arctium lappa belonging to the Compositae (Asteraceae) family has been used as a medicinal and nutritional supplement in the world. The fruits, leaves and roots of the plant are well-known for their pharmaceutical effects. Toxicity of the fruit’s extract in female rats was investigated in the present study. Methods: To assess the toxicity profile of Arctium lappa fruit extract (ALFE), it was administered to rats by gavage in acute and repeated models. The animals were divided into two groups: control and test groups. In the acute toxicity model, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg ALFE were administered to the animals. Toxic symptoms, body weight, death and abnormal behaviors were observed for 14 days. In the repeated toxicity model, ALFE (300 mg/kg) was daily administered for 4 weeks. Biochemical and histopathological changes were assessed and compared with the control group. Statistical significance was determined by one-way analyses of variance, followed by the Tukey test using GraphPad Prism 6. Results: No mortality was noticed in the acute test; therefore, the oral LD50 value determined in the female rats was greater than 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated test, the animals received ALFE (300 mg/kg) and no mortality was observed. The hematology and serum chemistry parameters showed no statistically significant changes.  The histopathological studies revealed evidences of microscopic lesions in two main organs lungs and small intestine. Conclusion: The results indicated that the oral acute toxicity of ALFE in the rats was of a low order with LD50 being more than 5000 mg/kg. Moreover, they revealed slight tissue damage to several organs when sub-chronically administered at a dose of 300 mg/kg.  }, keywords = {Acute,Arctium lappa L,subchronic,toxicity test,Wistar rats}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84317.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84317_3ff6795ada51566c7f374280532d9ae8.pdf} } @article { author = {Zakerin, Sara and Rezghi, Maedeh and Hajimehdipoor, Homa and Ara, Leila and Hamzeloo-Moghadam*, Maryam}, title = {Antidepressant Effect of a Polyherbal Syrup Based on Iranian Traditional Medicine}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {49-56}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84318}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Depression is a common and costly public-health disease. It has been considered in Iranian traditional medicine and many herbal combinations have been used for healing depressive-like disorders. Traditional herbal medicines should be converted into common dosage forms for patient acceptance and easier usage. Methods: In the present research, a poly herbal syrup containing Echium amoenum, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis, Cuscuta chinensis, Vitis sp., Prunus domestica and Alhagi camelorum was formulated and its physicochemical characteristics including physical appearance, pH, viscosity, density, dried residue, physical stability and microbiological levels were evaluated. Furthermore, the antidepressant activity was determined by tail suspension test (TST) and also the effect of the formulation on the serum levels of dopamine and adrenaline was assessed in mice. Results: The syrup showed to be stable regarding physical changes and microbiological quality control tests. It significantly reduced the time of immobility in TST (p<0.05) and increased the serum levels of dopamine (p<0.001) more considerable than the positive control group fluoxetine (p<0.01). Compared with the saline control group, the serum level of adrenaline in the syrup low dose (3 mL/kg) and fluoxetine groups increased but in high dose of the syrup (6 mL/kg) significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the modern evidences about the plants used in the poly herbal syrup and physiochemical stability and the considerable results of the in vivo experiments, it could be suggested as a suitable antidepressant agent.  }, keywords = {Neurotransmitters,Iranian traditional medicine,Persian medicine,tail suspension test}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84318.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84318_5e76a48412255313fff5fe0cace5bfc5.pdf} } @article { author = {Izadpanah, Shadi and Abdolghaffari*, Amir Hossein and Farjadmand, Fatemeh and Eftekhari, Mahdieh and Baeeri, Maryam and Rahimifard, Mahban and Momtaz, Saeideh and Abdollahi, Mohammad and Rahimi, Roja and Shams Ardekani, Mohammad Reza}, title = {Beneficial Effects of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague on Rat Irritable Bowel Syndrome}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {57-66}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84320}, abstract = {Background and objective: Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) has been used for the treatment of various digestive disorders with considerable therapeutic effects such as anticholinergic and anti-oxidant activities.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the hydro-alcoholic extract of the fruits of T. ammi in an experimental model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: The rats were classified into seven groups, including sham (no stress), control (saline recipients), loperamide and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) (positive controls), and the plant groups at the doses of 150, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day for 5 days under restrictive stress, 2 days before receiving the treatment. All medicines were given as gavage. The effect of the plant extract on gastric emptying and the transit of the small intestine was evaluated. The levels of the inflammatory and oxidative related biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), also the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Results: The gastric emptying and the transit of the small intestine were significantly reduced in all T. ammi treated groups, and no significant difference was observed at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day compared with the loperamide group. The levels of TNF-α and MPO activities decreased in the treatment groups compared with the control, and the LPO level was decreased at the concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day compared to the control. The antioxidant levels significantly increased in the rats treated with T. ammi at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day. Conclusions: The severity of stress-induced IBS was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the hydro-alcoholic extract of the fruits of T. ammi, confirming the effectiveness of this plant in the management of IBS.  }, keywords = {Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),Lipid peroxidation,Myeloperoxidase,Trachyspermum ammi,Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84320.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84320_5b37802310d5f71f67442b84f57f500f.pdf} } @article { author = {Zangeneh*, Mohammad Mahdi and Zangeneh, Akram and Tahvilian, Reza and Moradi, Rohallah and Amiri, Hossein and Amiri, Nassim}, title = {A Stereological and Biochemical Examination: Hepatoprotective Activity of Anthemis odontostephana Boiss. Ethanol Extract Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {67-75}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84325}, abstract = {Background and objectives: In Iranian traditional medicine, Anthemis odontostephana Boiss has been used in treating gastric ulcers, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, hepatoprotective activity of A. odontostephana ethanol extract (AOEE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice has been evaluated.  Methods: In the present experimental study, Sixty male mice were divided into six groups (n=10); Group I was considered as control, received 1 mL/kg olive oil intraperitoneally and 0.5 mL distilled water through gavage. Group II was considered as untreated group, received 1 mg/kg CCl4 mixed with olive oil in the ratio of 1:1, intraperitoneally and 0.5 mL distilled water orally. Group III, IV, V and VI received CCl4 mixed with olive oil in the ratio of 1:1 intraperitoneally and 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg of AOEE through gavage for 45 continuous days. On the last day, the animals of all groups were euthanized and blood and liver were collected for assessing biochemical and histological parameters. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Duncan’s tests. Results: Different doses of AOEE (especially AOEE160) could significantly (p<0.05) decrease the raised volumes of liver sub compartments and the raised levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as compared to the untreated group. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, AOEE can regulate the biochemical parameters and inhibits hepatic damages in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.}, keywords = {Anthemis odontostephana Boiss,ethanol extract,hepatoprotective activity,Mice}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84325.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84325_a03aa7ab32346f5ef469049b1315e3b7.pdf} } @article { author = {Bastani, Marjan and Mousavi, Zahra and Asgarpanah, Jinous and Assar, Nasim and Najafizadeh*, Parvaneh}, title = {Biochemical and Histopathological Evidence for Beneficial Effects of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil on the Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {77-84}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84329}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. is an essential oil bearing plant used in traditional medicine of Iran for the treatment of inflammatory disease and pain, anxiety, sadness and also for the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms. Its pharmaceutical product is presently used in Iran for the treatment of depression disorders. Since colitis is a brain-gut interactive disorder, the authors were prompted to investigate the preventive effect of P. graveolens essential oil product (Deproherb®) to control the induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats. Methods: Experimentally ulcerative colitis was induced by acetic acid in animals pretreated with three different doses of Deproherb® (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for five consecutive days. Anti-inflammatory effects of Deproherb® were compared with orally administrated sulfasalazine (4 mg/kg). Biochemical [Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity] and macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the colon was performed. Deproherb® was also analyzed by GC and GC/MS in order to identify the potentially responsible compounds for observed property. Results: The obtained results indicated that the activity of MPO increased in acetic acid-treated groups, while it was recovered by pretreatment with Deproherb® (100-400 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine. All doses of Deproherb® and sulfasalazine-treated groups showed significant lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid-treated group. It was concluded that Deproherb® inhibited the acetic acid toxic reactions in the rat bowel. Conclusions: The present study proved the anti-inflammatory potential of Deproherb® Oral Drop, in the experimentally induced colitis. Proper clinical investigations are suggested to confirm the observed activities in human.}, keywords = {Essential oil,Myeloperoxidase,Pelargonium graveolens,Ulcerative colitis}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84329.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84329_adf6c4e642e3fad803a3ac13be250492.pdf} } @article { author = {Mosleh, Ghazaleh and Badr, Parmis and Azadi, Amir and Abolhassanzadeh, Zohreh and Hosseini, Seyed Vahid and Mohagheghzadeh*, Abdolali}, title = {Wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz) from Past to Future}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmacognosy}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {85-95}, year = {2019}, publisher = {- The Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4458}, eissn = {2345-5977}, doi = {10.22127/rjp.2019.84330}, abstract = {Wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz) is a common medicinal plant in Persian medicine and nowadays some traditional products from wallflower are consumed on global markets. The aim of the present study was to study the phytochemical constituents of wallflower and discuss safety evaluations related to the traditional wallflower preparations. Major Persian scholars (e.g. Avicenna) books, Persian manuscripts (e.g. Makhzan-al-advia) and Arabic medical manuscripts (e.g Alshamel-fi alsanaat altebya) of the medieval Islamic era as well as current search engines including Pubmed, Scopus, Siencedirect, and Google Scholar were included in the study from 1700 up to 2018 A.D. In traditional medicine manuscripts, various topical and oral dosage forms of wallflower were administered in low doses. After renaissance, phytochemical investigations reported cardiac steroids in wallflower and it might be the reason that next medical investigations on the herb have been interrupted. According to in vivo studies, topical indications of cardiac steroids in doses lower than their inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) should be safe and effective in some cutaneous disorders. Wallflower is reported to have several different classes of compounds including: 11 types of cardenolides (such as strophanthidin, bipindogenin, uzarigenin, cannogenol and digitoxygenin derivatives), two flavonoids, a cyanidin and two glucosinolates. Therefore, for safety guarantee, wallflower products require dose adjustment based on IC50 and probable cardenolide soluble content in that dosage forms.  }, keywords = {Erysimum cheiri,phytochemistry,Wallflower}, url = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84330.html}, eprint = {https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84330_e92c1d5993c7b2b9a123ebf09f9cecd1.pdf} }